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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

Autonomous computer use agents that powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as capable assistants for completing complex digital workflows. However, real-world execution environments are far from ideal: pop-ups,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jingwei Sun , Jianing Zhu , Yuanyi Li , Tongliang Liu , Xia HU , Bo Han

Bayesian models of legal arguments generally aim to produce a single integrated model, combining each of the legal arguments under consideration. This combined approach implicitly assumes that variables and their relationships can be…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-31 Martin Neil , Norman Fenton , David Lagnado , Richard D. Gill

Even when a tool is explicitly described as unfair and harmful to others, ostensibly safety-aligned LLM agents still voluntarily engage in secret collusion whenever doing so confers a strategic advantage. To investigate this phenomenon, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xijie Zeng , Frank Rudzicz

We introduce AuditBench, an alignment auditing benchmark. AuditBench consists of 56 language models with implanted hidden behaviors. Each model has one of 14 concerning behaviors--such as sycophantic deference, opposition to AI regulation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Abhay Sheshadri , Aidan Ewart , Kai Fronsdal , Isha Gupta , Samuel R. Bowman , Sara Price , Samuel Marks , Rowan Wang

In many settings, machine learning models may be used to inform decisions that impact individuals or entities who interact with the model. Such entities, or agents, may game model decisions by manipulating their inputs to the model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Trenton Chang , Lindsay Warrenburg , Sae-Hwan Park , Ravi B. Parikh , Maggie Makar , Jenna Wiens

The increase of connectivity and the impact it has in every day life is raising new and existing security problems that are becoming important for social good. We introduce two particular problems: cyber attack attribution and regulatory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Erisa Karafili , Antonis C. Kakas , Nikolaos I. Spanoudakis , Emil C. Lupu

We consider settings where an uninformed principal must hear arguments from two better-informed agents, corresponding to two possible courses of action that they argue for. The arguments are verifiable in the sense that the true state of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Alexander Heckett , Vincent Conitzer

Example-based guidance is widely used to improve mathematical reasoning at inference time, yet its effectiveness is highly unstable across problems and models-even when the guidance is correct and problem-relevant. We show that this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Weida Liang , Yiyou Sun , Shuyuan Nan , Chuang Li , Dawn Song , Kenji Kawaguchi

Chain-of-thought prompting has demonstrated great success in facilitating the reasoning abilities of large language models. In this work, we explore how these enhanced reasoning abilities can be exploited to improve the robustness of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Wenxiao Wang , Parsa Hosseini , Soheil Feizi

Detecting defection and alarming partners about the possible danger could be essential to avoid being exploited. This act, however, may require a huge individual effort from those who take this job, hence such a strategy seems to be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-05-25 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

We introduce an approach to evaluate language model (LM) agency using negotiation games. This approach better reflects real-world use cases and addresses some of the shortcomings of alternative LM benchmarks. Negotiation games enable us to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tim R. Davidson , Veniamin Veselovsky , Martin Josifoski , Maxime Peyrard , Antoine Bosselut , Michal Kosinski , Robert West

Algorithmic robust statistics has traditionally focused on the contamination model where a small fraction of the samples are arbitrarily corrupted. We consider a recent contamination model that combines two kinds of corruptions: (i) small…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Thanasis Pittas , Ankit Pensia

We define and investigate a property of mechanisms that we call "strategic simplicity," and that is meant to capture the idea that, in strategically simple mechanisms, strategic choices require limited strategic sophistication. We define a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2018-12-04 Tilman Borgers , Jiangtao Li

An abstract argumentation framework is a commonly used formalism to provide a static representation of a dialogue. However, the order of enunciation of the arguments in an argumentative dialogue is very important and can affect the outcome…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yann Munro , Camilo Sarmiento , Isabelle Bloch , Gauvain Bourgne , Catherine Pelachaud , Marie-Jeanne Lesot

From daily discussions to marketing ads to political statements, information manipulation is rife. It is increasingly more important that we have the right set of tools to defend ourselves from manipulative rhetoric, or fallacies. Suitable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Ryuta Arisaka , Ryoma Nakai , Yusuke Kawamoto , Takayuki Ito

Strategyproof mechanisms provide robust equilibrium with minimal assumptions about knowledge and rationality but can be unachievable in combination with other desirable properties such as budget-balance, stability against deviations by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Benjamin Lubin , David C. Parkes

The iterated prisoner's dilemma is a game that produces many counter-intuitive and complex behaviors in a social environment, based on very simple basic rules. It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Robert Prentner

Designing protocols enhancing cooperation for multi-agent systems remains a grand challenge. Cheap talk, defined as costless, non-binding communication before formal action, serves as a pivotal solution. However, existing theoretical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhao Song , Chen Shen , Zhen Wang , The Anh Han

How do incentive levels affect strategic behaviour? We address this with an experiment that separately identifies own- and opponent-incentive effects in two dominance-solvable games that differ in strategic complexity. Higher own incentives…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-30 Teresa Esteban-Casanelles , Duarte Gonçalves