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Non-Hermitian spectral degeneracies, known as exceptional points (EPs), feature simultaneous coalescence of both eigenvalues and the associated eigenstates of a system. A host of intriguing EP effects and their applications have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 R. Huang , Ş. K. Özdemir , J. -Q. Liao , F. Minganti , L. -M. Kuang , Franco Nori , H. Jing

A non-Hermitian system at an exceptional point (EP), a specific critical point (CP) associated with the parity-time symmetric phase transition, exhibits a sublinear response to perturbation and promise unprecedented sensitivity beyond the…

Photonic topological edge states in one-dimensional dimer chains have long been thought to be robust to structural perturbations by mapping the topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model of a solid-state system. However, the edge states at the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-10 Zhiwei Guo , Tengzhou Zhang , Juan Song , Haitao Jiang , Hong Chen

Exceptional points (EPs) refer to degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems where two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. Recently, there has been growing interest in harnessing EPs to enhance the responsivity of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-02-06 Xingyu Lu , Yang Yuan , Fa Chen , Xiaoxiao Hou , Yanlong Guo , Leonhard Reindl , Wei Luo , Degang Zhao

The emergence of exceptional points (EPs) in the parameter space of a non-hermitian (2D) eigenvalue problem is studied in a general sense in mathematical physics, and has in the last decade successively reached the scope of experiments. In…

The exotic physics emerging at singularities has long attracted intense theoretical and experimental attention. In non-Hermitian systems, exceptional points (EPs), unique spectral singularities, have given rise to a host of intriguing wave…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-14 Kai Bai , Chen Lin , Jia-Zheng Li , Meng Xiao

The appearance of topological singularities, namely exceptional points (EPs) is an intriguing feature of parameter-dependent open quantum or wave systems. EPs are the special type of nonHermitian degeneracies where two (or more) eigenstates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-18 Sayan Bhattacherjee , Arnab Laha , Somnath Ghosh

Non-Hermitian systems associated with exceptional points (EPs) are expected to demonstrate a giant response enhancement for various sensors. The widely investigated enhancement mechanism based on diverging from an EP should destroy the EP…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-19 Xuan Mao , Guo-Qing Qin , Hao Zhang , Bo-Yang Wang , Dan Long , Gui-Qin Li , Gui-Lu Long

Exceptional point (EP) is a spectral singularity in non-Hermitian systems. The passing over the EP leads to a phase transition, which endows the system with unconventional features that find a wide range of applications. However, the need…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 T. T. Sergeev , A. A. Zyablovsky , E. S. Andrianov , Yu. E. Lozovik

This paper theoretically and numerically studies the response characteristics of non-Hermitian resonant photonic systems operating near an exceptional point (EP), where two resonant eigenmodes coalesce. It is shown that a system near an EP…

Optics · Physics 2018-04-06 Satoshi Sunada

One of the important features of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is the existence of a unique type of singularities, the so-called exceptional points (EPs). When the corresponding systems operate around such singularities, they exhibit…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-26 Ioannis Kiorpelidis , Konstantinos G. Makris

Exceptional points (EPs) represent a distinct type of spectral singularity in non-Hermitian systems, and intriguing physics concepts have been studied with optical EPs recently. As a system beyond photonics, the mechanical oscillators…

Optics · Physics 2023-02-09 Ning Wu , Kaiyu Cui , Qiancheng Xu , Xue Feng , Fang Liu , Wei Zhang , Yidong Huang

Current progress in electro-optical modulation within silicon integrated photonics, driven by the unique capabilities of advanced functional materials, has led to significant improvements in device performance. However, inherent constraints…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shahab Ramezanpour , Amr Helmy

Exceptional points (EPs), branch singularities parameter space of non-Hermitian eigenvalue manifolds, display unique topological phenomena linked to eigenvalue and eigenvector switching: the parameter space states are highly sensitive to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 K. Ho , S. Perna , S. Wittrock , S. Tsunegi , H. Kubota , S. Yuasa , P. Bortolotti , M. d'Aquino , C. Serpico , V. Cros , R. Lebrun

Exceptional points (EPs), at which both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, are ubiquitous and unique features of non-Hermitian systems. Second-order EPs are by far the most studied due to their abundance, requiring only the tuning of…

Optics · Physics 2023-01-02 Ipsita Mandal , Emil J. Bergholtz

Eigenvalue problems for electromagnetic resonant states on open dielectric structures are non-Hermitian and may have exceptional points (EPs) at which two or more eigenfrequencies and the corresponding eigenfunctions coalesce. EPs of…

Optics · Physics 2020-04-07 Amgad Abdrabou , Ya Yan Lu

Dynamical encirclement of an Exceptional Point (EP) and corresponding time-asymmetric mode evolution properties due to breakdown in adiabatic theorem have been a key to range of exotic physical effects in various open atomic, molecular and…

Optics · Physics 2019-04-17 Arnab Laha , Sibnath Dey , Harsh K. Gandhi , Abhijit Biswas , Somnath Ghosh

Experiments near the lock-in region in maximally dissipative non-Hermitian systems, e.g., conventional laser gyroscopes near the deadband, have run up against the Petermann limit, where excess noise exactly cancels any scale-factor…

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems showcase diverse physical phenomena but require more parameter space freedom or symmetries. It leads to a challenge for the exploration of high-order EP geometries in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Hao Chen , Xiao Qin , Jian-Jun Dong , Yu-Yu Zhang , Zi-Xiang Hu

A novel anti-P-pseudo-Hermitian mechanical system that integrates piezoelectric actuators and sensors with non-reciprocal coupling into mechanical beams is proposed. This configuration enables the system to exhibit programmable exceptional…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Yanzheng Wang , Jianlei Zhao , Qian Wu , Xiaoming Zhou , Heng Jiang , Weiqiu Chen , Mu Wang , Guoliang Huang