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Many natural and social systems develop complex networks, that are usually modelled as random graphs. The eigenvalue spectrum of these graphs provides information about their structural properties. While the semi-circle law is known to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Illes J. Farkas , Imre Derenyi , Albert-Laszlo Barabasi , Tamas Vicsek

Graphs are fundamental tools for modeling pairwise interactions in complex systems. However, many real-world systems involve multi-way interactions that cannot be fully captured by standard graphs. Hypergraphs, which generalize graphs by…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Tom Needham , Ethan Semrad

Real-world complex networks are usually being modeled as graphs. The concept of graphs assumes that the relations within the network are binary (for instance, between pairs of nodes); however, this is not always true for many real-life…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Alessia Antelmi , Gennaro Cordasco , Bogumił Kamiński , Paweł Prałat , Vittorio Scarano , Carmine Spagnuolo , Przemyslaw Szufel

Real-world complex systems are often better modeled as hypergraphs, where edges represent group interactions involving multiple entities. Understanding and quantifying homophily (similarity-driven association) in such networks is essential…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Gaurav Kumar , Akrati Saxena , Chandrakala Meena

Finding inherent or processed links within a dataset allows to discover potential knowledge. The main contribution of this article is to define a global framework that enables optimal knowledge discovery by visually rendering co-occurences…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Xavier Ouvrard , Jean-Marie Le Goff , Stephane Marchand-Maillet

Temporal graphs represent the dynamic relationships among entities and occur in many real life application like social networks, e commerce, communication, road networks, biological systems, and many more. They necessitate research beyond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Shubham Gupta , Srikanta Bedathur

In this paper we develop a framework to study observability for uniform hypergraphs. Hypergraphs, being extensions of graphs, allow edges to connect multiple nodes and unambiguously represent multi-way relationships which are ubiquitous in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Joshua Pickard , Amit Surana , Anthony Bloch , Indika Rajapakse

Many processes, from gene interaction in biology to computer networks to social media, can be modeled more precisely as temporal hypergraphs than by regular graphs. This is because hypergraphs generalize graphs by extending edges to connect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Maximilian T. Fischer , Devanshu Arya , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Seebacher , Daniel A. Keim , Marcel Worring

Understanding human mobility is essential for applications ranging from urban planning to public health. Traditional mobility models such as flow networks and colocation matrices capture only pairwise interactions between discrete…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Prathyush Sambaturu , Bernardo Gutierrez , Moritz U. G. Kraemer

Hypergraphs have the capacity to capture higher-dimensional relationships among entities across various domains, making them a subject of growing interest within the research community for understanding the structure and dynamics of complex…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Marco Gregnanin , Johannes De Smedt , Giorgio Gnecco , Maurizio Parton

Subgraphs and cycles are often used to characterize the local properties of complex networks. Here we show that the subgraph structure of real networks is highly time dependent: as the network grows, the density of some subgraphs remains…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 Alexei Vazquez , Joao G. Oliveira , Albert-Laszlo Barabasi

Hypergraph is a general way of representing high-order relations on a set of objects. It is a generalization of graph, in which only pairwise relations can be represented. It finds applications in various domains where relationships of more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-19 Canh Hao Nguyen , Hiroshi Mamitsuka

Many real-world systems exhibit temporal, dynamic behaviors, which are captured as time series of complex agent interactions. To perform temporal reasoning, current methods primarily encode temporal dynamics through simple sequence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Paridhi Maheshwari , Hongyu Ren , Yanan Wang , Rok Sosic , Jure Leskovec

Graphs are widely used for representing pairwise interactions in complex systems. Since such real-world graphs are large and often evergrowing, sampling a small representative subgraph is indispensable for various purposes: simulation,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Minyoung Choe , Jaemin Yoo , Geon Lee , Woonsung Baek , U Kang , Kijung Shin

Cooperation plays a fundamental role in societal and biological domains, and the population structure profoundly shapes the dynamics of evolution. Practically, individuals behave either altruistically or egoistically in multiple groups,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-04-05 Dini Wang , Peng Yi , Yiguang Hong , Jie Chen , Gang Yan

Many real-world complex systems are characterized by non-pairwise -- higher-order -- interactions among system's units, and can be effectively modeled as hypergraphs. Directed hypergraphs distinguish between source and target sets within…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-17 Quintino Francesco Lotito , Alberto Vendramini , Alberto Montresor , Federico Battiston

Graphs arise naturally in many real-world applications including social networks, recommender systems, ontologies, biology, and computational finance. Traditionally, machine learning models for graphs have been mostly designed for static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Seyed Mehran Kazemi , Rishab Goel , Kshitij Jain , Ivan Kobyzev , Akshay Sethi , Peter Forsyth , Pascal Poupart

Existing benchmarks like NLGraph and GraphQA evaluate LLMs on graphs by focusing mainly on pairwise relationships, overlooking the high-order correlations found in real-world data. Hypergraphs, which can model complex beyond-pairwise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yifan Feng , Chengwu Yang , Xingliang Hou , Shaoyi Du , Shihui Ying , Zongze Wu , Yue Gao

Hypergraphs, which use hyperedges to capture groupwise interactions among different entities, have gained increasing attention recently for their versatility in effectively modeling real-world networks. In this paper, we study the problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Haozhe Yin , Kai Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Ying Zhang , Ruijia Wu , Xuemin Lin

Hypergraph is a data structure that enables us to model higher-order associations among data entities. Conventional graph-structured data can represent pairwise relationships only, whereas hypergraph enables us to associate any number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Md. Tanvir Alam , Chowdhury Farhan Ahmed , Carson K. Leung