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The search for primordial gravitational waves is a central goal of cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys. Isolating the characteristic $B$-mode polarization signal sourced by primordial gravitational waves is challenging for several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Eric Guzman , Joel Meyers

Since the temperature fluctuations in cosmic microwave background (CMB) on large-angular scales probe length scales that were super-horizon sized at photon decoupling and hence insensitive to microphysical processes, the low-multipole CMB…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-30 Cheng Cheng , Qing-Guo Huang

Circular polarization in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) offers a promising probe of the parity-violating physics of the early universe. In this paper, we propose a novel method to constrain the primordial circular polarization of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-24 Ashu Kushwaha , Rajeev Kumar Jain

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation offers a unique window into the early Universe, facilitating precise examinations of fundamental cosmological theories. However, the quest for detecting B-modes in the CMB, predicted by…

We present a follow-up study to the method recently proposed by Namikawa and Sherwin (2023) to probe gravitational waves using cross-correlations between two cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$-modes and a large-scale structure tracer. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Toshiya Namikawa , Irene Abril-Cabezas , Blake D. Sherwin

The cosmic microwave background (CMB), carrying the inhomogeneous information of the very early universe, is of great significance for understanding the origin and evolution of our universe. However, observational CMB maps contain serious…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-12 Guo-Jian Wang , Hong-Liang Shi , Ye-Peng Yan , Jun-Qing Xia , Yan-Yun Zhao , Si-Yu Li , Jun-Feng Li

Planck, SPT and ACT surveys have clearly demonstrated that Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, while optimised for cosmological measurements, have made important contributions to the field of extragalactic astrophysics in the…

In forthcoming years, connections between cosmology and particle physics will be made increasingly important with the advent of a new generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Here, we review a number of these links. Our…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky

Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background by large-scale structure in the late universe is both a source of cosmological information and a potential contaminant of primordial gravity waves. Because lensing imprints growth of…

Searching for the signal of primordial gravitational waves in the B-modes (BB) power spectrum is one of the key scientific aims of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments. However, this could be easily contaminated by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-18 Si-Yu Li , Jun-Qing Xia , Mingzhe Li , Hong Li , Xinmin Zhang

We present new limits on the amplitude of potential primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) using temperature and polarization measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Planck, BICEP2/Keck Array, POLARBEAR, and SPTpol. We reduce…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-20 Dylan R. Sutton , Chang Feng , Christian L. Reichardt

The frequency spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a relatively untapped source of data which can allow us to peer beyond the surface of last scattering. Small deviations away from a perfect blackbody shape will encode…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-21 Bryce Cyr

We investigate the observational signatures of three models of the early Universe in the $B$-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. In addition to the standard single field inflationary model, we also consider…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-27 Yin-Zhe Ma , Wen Zhao , Michael L. Brown

Future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments will deliver extremely accurate measurements of the E-modes pattern of the CMB polarization field. Given the sharpness of the E-modes transfer functions, such surveys make for a powerful…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-15 Matteo Braglia , Xingang Chen , Dhiraj Kumar Hazra , Lucas Pinol

The primordial B-modes component of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization is a promising experimental dataset to probe the inflationary paradigm. B-modes are indeed a direct consequence of the presence of gravitational waves in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Alessandro Manzotti

In the last few decades, advances in observational cosmology have given us a standard model of cosmology. We know the content of the universe to within a few percent. With more ambitious experiments on the way, we hope to move beyond the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-26 Amit P. S. Yadav , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Over the past decade, the gravitational lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has become a powerful tool for probing the matter distribution in the Universe. The standard technique used to reconstruct the CMB lensing signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-02 Boryana Hadzhiyska , Blake D. Sherwin , Mathew Madhavacheril , Simone Ferraro

I describe briefly the Cosmic Microwave Background (hereafter CMB) physics which explains why high accuracy observations of its spatial structure are a unique observational tool both for the determination of the global cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francois R. Bouchet

We present robust constraints on the stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) at Mpc scales from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. CMB constraints on GWs are usually characterized as the tensor-to-scalar ratio, assuming specifically a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-24 Toshiya Namikawa , Shohei Saga , Daisuke Yamauchi , Atsushi Taruya

This is a solicited whitepaper for the Snowmass 2021 community planning exercise. The paper focuses on measurements and science with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The CMB is foundational to our understanding of modern physics and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-16 Clarence L. Chang , Kevin M. Huffenberger , Bradford A. Benson , Federico Bianchini , Jens Chluba , Jacques Delabrouille , Raphael Flauger , Shaul Hanany , William C. Jones , Alan J. Kogut , Jeffrey J. McMahon , Joel Meyers , Neelima Sehgal , Sara M. Simon , Caterina Umilta , Kevork N. Abazajian , Zeeshan Ahmed , Yashar Akrami , Adam J. Anderson , Behzad Ansarinejad , Jason Austermann , Carlo Baccigalupi , Denis Barkats , Darcy Barron , Peter S. Barry , Nicholas Battaglia , Eric Baxter , Dominic Beck , Amy N. Bender , Charles Bennett , Benjamin Beringue , Colin Bischoff , Lindsey Bleem , James Bock , Boris Bolliet , J Richard Bond , Julian Borrill , Thejs Brinckmann , Michael L. Brown , Erminia Calabrese , John Carlstrom , Anthony Challinor , Chihway Chang , Yuji Chinone , Susan E. Clark , William Coulton , Ari Cukierman , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Shannon M. Duff , Cora Dvorkin , Alexander van Engelen , Josquin Errard , Johannes R. Eskilt , Thomas Essinger-Hileman , Giulio Fabbian , Chang Feng , Simone Ferraro , Jeffrey Filippini , Katherine Freese , Nicholas Galitzki , Eric Gawiser , Daniel Grin , Daniel Grin , Evan Grohs , Alessandro Gruppuso , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Nils W. Halverson , Jean-Christophe Hamilton , Kathleen Harrington , Sophie Henrot-Versillé , Brandon Hensley , J. Colin Hill , Adam D. Hincks , Renee Hlozek , William Holzapfel , Selim C. Hotinli , Howard Hui , Ayodeji Ibitoye , Matthew Johnson , Bradley R. Johnson , Jae Hwan Kang , Kirit S. Karkare , Lloyd Knox , John Kovac , Kenny Lau , Louis Legrand , Marilena Loverde , Philip Lubin , Yin-Zhe Ma , Tony Mroczkowski , Suvodip Mukherjee , Moritz Münchmeyer , Daisuke Nagai , Johanna Nagy , Michael Niemack , Valentine Novosad , Yuuki Omori , Giorgio Orlando , Zhaodi Pan , Laurence Perotto , Matthew A. Petroff , Levon Pogosian , Clem Pryke , Alexandra Rahlin , Marco Raveri , Christian L. Reichardt , Mathieu Remazeilles , Yoel Rephaeli , John Ruhl , Emmanuel Schaan , Sarah Shandera , Meir Shimon , Ahmed Soliman , Antony A. Stark , Glenn D. Starkman , Radek Stompor , Ritoban Basu Thakur , Cynthia Trendafilova , Matthieu Tristram , Pranjal Trivedi , Gregory Tucker , Eleonora Di Valentino , Joaquin Vieira , Abigail Vieregg , Gensheng Wang , Scott Watson , Lukas Wenzl , Edward J. Wollack , W. L. Kimmy Wu , Zhilei Xu , David Zegeye , Cheng Zhang