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Three spacecraft of LISA/TAIJI mission follow their respective geodesic trajectories, and their interferometric arms are unequal and time-varying due to orbital dynamics. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to suppress the laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-26 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for space-based gravitational-wave detectors to create laser-noise-free equal-optical-path-length interferometers virtually on the ground. It relies on the interspacecraft…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Philipp Euringer , Olaf Hartwig , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Gerhard Heinzel , Kohei Yamamoto

Space-borne interferometric gravitational wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (millihertz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel-times will necessarily be unequal,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Frank B. Estabrook , adn J. W. Armstrong

LISA is a joint space mission of the NASA and the ESA for detecting low frequency gravitational waves in the band $10^{-5} - 1$ Hz. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 S. V. Dhurandhar , J-Y. Vinet , K. Rajesh Nayak

Spaceborne gravitational-wave observatories utilize a postprocessing technique known as time-delay interferometry (TDI) to reduce the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise by around 8 orders of magnitude. While, in its traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-11 Kohei Yamamoto , Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Olaf Hartwig

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a gravitational wave detector in space. It relies on a post-processing technique named time-delay interferometry (TDI) to suppress the overwhelming laser frequency noise by several orders of…

High-precision interpolation of LISA phase measurements allows signal reconstruction and formulation of Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) combinations to be conducted in post-processing. The reconstruction is based on phase measurements made…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 D. A. Shaddock , B. Ware , R. E. Spero , M. Vallisneri

Previous work demonstrated effective laser frequency noise (LFN) suppression for Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) data from raw phasemeter measurements using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm with fractional delay…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-29 Jessica Page , Tyson Littenberg

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) suppresses laser frequency noise by forming linear combinations of time-shifted interferometric measurements. The time-shift operation is implemented by interpolating discretely sampled data. To enable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Martin Staab , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Graham Woan , Peter Wolf

The time delay interferometry (TDI) is an algorithm proposed to suppress the laser frequency noise in space-borne gravitational wave detectors. As a post-processing technique, it is implemented by constructing a virtual equal arm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Yu-Jie Tan , Han-Zhong Wu , Cheng-Gang Shao

The LISA mission is a space interferometer aiming at the detection of gravitational waves in the [$10^{-4}$,$10^{-1}$] Hz frequency band. In order to reach the gravitational wave detection level, a Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) method…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Pireaux

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for suppressing laser frequency noise in space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as LISA. However, current second-generation TDI schemes often exhibit undesirable null frequencies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-19 Gang Wang

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a crucial step in the on-ground data processing pipeline of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), as it reduces otherwise overwhelming laser noise and allows for the detection of gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Martin Staab , Marc Lilley , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig

LISA will detect gravitational waves (GWs) in the milli-Hz frequency band in space. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is developed to suppress laser frequency noise beneath the acceleration noise and optical metrology noise. To identify…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-30 Gang Wang , Bin Li , Peng Xu , Xilong Fan

TianQin is a proposed geocentric space-based gravitational wave observatory mission, which requires time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel laser frequency noise. With high demands for precision, solar-wind plasma environment at $\sim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-26 Yi-De Jing , Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang , Lingfeng Lu , Binbin Tang , Wei Su

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. In a previous paper (Dhurandhar et al., Class. Quantum Grav.,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-25 S. V. Dhurandhar , W. -T. Ni , G. Wang

The proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is tasked with the detection and characterization of gravitational waves from various sources in the universe. This endeavor is challenged by transient displacement and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Niklas Houba , Luigi Ferraioli , Domenico Giardini

The proposed space-borne laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatory TianQin adopts a geocentric orbit for its nearly equilateral triangular constellation formed by three identical drag-free satellites. The geocentric distance…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Ming-Yue Zhou , Xin-Chun Hu , Bobing Ye , Shoucun Hu , Dong-Dong Zhu , Xuefeng Zhang , Wei Su , Yan Wang

Space-based gravitational wave detectors cannot keep rigid structures and precise arm length equality, so the precise equality of detector arms which is required in a ground-based interferometer to cancel the overwhelming laser noise is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-25 Chunyu Zhang , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Dicong Liang , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang

In the detection of gravitational waves in space, the arm lengths between spacecraft are not equal due to their orbital motion. Consequently, the equal arm length Michelson interferometer used in Earth laboratories is not suitable for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Gang Wang