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An index for a finite automaton is a powerful data structure that supports locating paths labeled with a query pattern, thus solving pattern matching on the underlying regular language. In this paper, we solve the long-standing problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nicola Cotumaccio , Nicola Prezza

Previously, self-verifying symmetric difference automata were defined and a tight bound of 2^n-1-1 was shown for state complexity in the unary case. We now consider the non-unary case and show that, for every n at least 2, there is a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Laurette Marais , Lynette van Zijl

This paper deals with the size complexity of minimal {\it two-way quantum finite automata} (2qfa's) necessary for operations to perform on all inputs of each fixed length. Such a complexity measure, known as state complexity of operations,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-07-04 Daowen Qiu

The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

Automata representing game-semantic models of programs are meant to operate in environments whose input-output behaviour is constrained by the rules of a game. This can lead to a notion of equivalence between states which is weaker than the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-12-18 Dan R. Ghica , Zaid Al-Zobaidi

Consider $ A^* $, the free monoid generated by the finite alphabet $A$ with the concatenation operation. Two words have the same commutative image when one is a permutation of the symbols of the other. The commutative closure of a set $ L…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Verónica Becher , Simon Lew Deveali , Ignacio Mollo Cunningham

We consider the fundamental problem of clock synchronization in a synchronous multi-agent system. Each agent holds a clock with an arbitrary initial value, and clocks must eventually indicate the same value. Previous algorithms worked in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Bernadette Charron-Bost , Louis Penet de Monterno

Automata over infinite words, also known as omega-automata, play a key role in the verification and synthesis of reactive systems. The spectrum of omega-automata is defined by two characteristics: the acceptance condition (e.g. B\"uchi or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rayna Dimitrova , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

The state complexity, respectively, nondeterministic state complexity of a regular language $L$ is the number of states of the minimal deterministic, respectively, of a minimal nondeterministic finite automaton for $L$. Some of the most…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Arto Salomaa , Kai Salomaa , Taylor J. Smith

We study several problems related to finding reset words in deterministic finite automata. In particular, we establish that the problem of deciding whether a shortest reset word has length k is complete for the complexity class DP. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-21 Jörg Olschewski , Michael Ummels

In this paper, we work on the notion of k-synchronizability: a system is k-synchronizable if any of its executions, up to reordering causally independent actions, can be divided into a succession of k-bounded interaction phases. We show two…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Cinzia Di Giusto , Cinzia Giusto , Laetitia Laversa , Etienne Lozes

The class of known constraint automata for which the constrained synchronization problem is in NP all admit a special form. In this work, we take a closer look at them. We characterize a wider class of constraint automata that give…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Stefan Hoffmann

Algorithms which learn environments represented by automata in the past have had complexity scaling with the number of states in the automaton, which can be exponentially large even for automata recognizing regular expressions with a small…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ali Cataltepe , Vanessa Kosoy

We investigate networks of automata that synchronise over common action labels. A graph synchronisation topology between the automata is defined in such a way that two automata are connected iff they can synchronise over an action. We show…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Laure Petrucci , Michał Knapik

This paper studies the complexity of operations on finite automata and the complexity of their decision problems when the alphabet is unary. Let $n$ denote the maximum of the number of states of the input finite automata considered in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Wojciech Czerwiński , Maciej Dębski , Tomasz Gogasz , Gordon Hoi , Sanjay Jain , Michał Skrzypczak , Frank Stephan , Christopher Tan

The constrained synchronization problem (CSP) asks for a synchronizing word of a given input automaton contained in a regular set of constraints. It could be viewed as a special case of synchronization of a discrete event system under…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Stefan Hoffmann

Automatic segmentation of text into minimal content-bearing units is an unsolved problem even for languages like English. Spaces between words offer an easy first approximation, but this approximation is not good enough for machine…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 I. Dan Melamed

We establish the equivalence between a class of asynchronous distributed automata and a small fragment of least fixpoint logic, when restricted to finite directed graphs. More specifically, the logic we consider is (a variant of) the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Fabian Reiter

We revisit the problem of synchronisability for communicating automata, i.e., whether the language of send messages for an asynchronous system is the same as the language of send messages with a synchronous communication. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Cinzia Di Giusto , Laetitia Laversa , Kirstin Peters

We consider two natural problems about nondeterministic finite automata. First, given such an automaton M of n states, and a length l, does M accept a word of length l? We show that the classic problem of triangle-free graph recognition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Aaron Potechin , Jeffrey Shallit