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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been widely studied in the portfolio management task. However, it is challenging to understand a DRL-based trading strategy because of the black-box nature of deep neural networks. In this paper, we…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-21 Mao Guan , Xiao-Yang Liu

Portfolio optimization is essential for balancing risk and return in financial decision-making. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has stood out as a cutting-edge tool for portfolio optimization that learns dynamic asset allocation using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Himanshu Choudhary , Arishi Orra , Manoj Thakur

Volatility forecasts play a central role among equity risk measures. Besides traditional statistical models, modern forecasting techniques based on machine learning can be employed when treating volatility as a univariate, daily…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-09 Fernando Moreno-Pino , Stefan Zohren

In high-frequency trading (HFT), leveraging limit order books (LOB) to model stock price movements is crucial for achieving profitable outcomes. However, this task is challenging due to the high-dimensional and volatile nature of the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-30 Jiahao Yang , Ran Fang , Ming Zhang , Jun Zhou

We propose a universal end-to-end framework for portfolio optimization where asset distributions are directly obtained. The designed framework circumvents the traditional forecasting step and avoids the estimation of the covariance matrix,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-18 Chao Zhang , Zihao Zhang , Mihai Cucuringu , Stefan Zohren

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for dynamic portfolio optimization under market uncertainty and risk. The proposed model integrates a Sharpe ratio-based reward function with direct risk control mechanisms,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-17 Emmanuel Lwele , Sabuni Emmanuel , Sitali Gabriel Sitali

Probabilistic forecasting is crucial in multivariate financial time-series for constructing efficient portfolios that account for complex cross-sectional dependencies. In this paper, we propose Diffolio, a diffusion model designed for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-31 So-Yoon Cho , Jin-Young Kim , Kayoung Ban , Hyeng Keun Koo , Hyun-Gyoon Kim

Limit order book (LOB) is a dynamic, event-driven system that records real-time market demand and supply for a financial asset in a stream flow. Event stream prediction in LOB refers to forecasting both the timing and the type of events.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-16 Zetao Zheng , Guoan Li , Deqiang Ouyang , Decui Liang , Jie Shao

Simulating limit order books (LOBs) has important applications across forecasting and backtesting for financial market data. However, deep generative models struggle in this context due to the high noise and complexity of the data. Previous…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-08 Alfred Backhouse , Kang Li , Jakob Foerster , Anisoara Calinescu , Stefan Zohren

Many cryptocurrency brokers nowadays offer a variety of derivative assets that allow traders to perform hedging or speculation. This paper proposes an effective algorithm based on neural networks to take advantage of these investment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Quoc Minh Nguyen , Dat Thanh Tran , Juho Kanniainen , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

The recent surge in Deep Learning (DL) research of the past decade has successfully provided solutions to many difficult problems. The field of quantitative analysis has been slowly adapting the new methods to its problems, but due to…

Traditional approaches to portfolio optimization, often rooted in Modern Portfolio Theory and solved via quadratic programming or evolutionary algorithms, struggle with scalability or flexibility, especially in scenarios involving complex…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Christian Oliva , Pedro R. Ventura , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

Portfolio management via reinforcement learning is at the forefront of fintech research, which explores how to optimally reallocate a fund into different financial assets over the long term by trial-and-error. Existing methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Rundong Wang , Hongxin Wei , Bo An , Zhouyan Feng , Jun Yao

Limit Order Books (LOBs) serve as a mechanism for buyers and sellers to interact with each other in the financial markets. Modelling and simulating LOBs is quite often necessary for calibrating and fine-tuning the automated trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-04 Konark Jain , Nick Firoozye , Jonathan Kochems , Philip Treleaven

This paper investigates an important problem of an appropriate variance-covariance matrix estimation in the Modern Portfolio Theory. We propose a novel framework for variancecovariance matrix estimation for purposes of the portfolio…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-22 Maciej Wysocki , Paweł Sakowski

We propose DeepAries , a novel deep reinforcement learning framework for dynamic portfolio management that jointly optimizes the timing and allocation of rebalancing decisions. Unlike prior reinforcement learning methods that employ fixed…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-20 Jinkyu Kim , Hyunjung Yi , Mogan Gim , Donghee Choi , Jaewoo Kang

State-of-the-art deep neural networks have achieved impressive results on many image classification tasks. However, these same architectures have been shown to be unstable to small, well sought, perturbations of the images. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Alhussein Fawzi , Pascal Frossard

We introduce a new method for speeding up the inference of deep neural networks. It is somewhat inspired by the reduced-order modeling techniques for dynamical systems.The cornerstone of the proposed method is the maximum volume algorithm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Julia Gusak , Talgat Daulbaev , Evgeny Ponomarev , Andrzej Cichocki , Ivan Oseledets

We propose a new deep learning approach for the quantification of name concentration risk in loan portfolios. Our approach is tailored for small portfolios and allows for both an actuarial as well as a mark-to-market definition of loss. The…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-19 Eva Lütkebohmert , Julian Sester

In an order-driven financial market, the price of a financial asset is discovered through the interaction of orders - requests to buy or sell at a particular price - that are posted to the public limit order book (LOB). Therefore, LOB data…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-03 Zijian Shi , Yu Chen , John Cartlidge