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Inspired by distributed algorithms, we introduce a new class of finite graph automata that recognize precisely the graph languages definable in monadic second-order logic. For the cases of words and trees, it has been long known that the…
We propose a generic categorical framework for learning unknown formal languages of various types (e.g. finite or infinite words, weighted and nominal languages). Our approach is parametric in a monad T that represents the given type of…
The principle behind algebraic language theory for various kinds of structures, such as words or trees, is to use a compositional function from the structures into a finite set. To talk about compositionality, one needs some way of…
The study of finite automata and regular languages is a privileged meeting point of algebra and logic. Since the work of Buchi, regular languages have been classified according to their descriptive complexity, i.e. the type of logical…
Regular languages -- the languages accepted by deterministic finite automata -- are known to be precisely the languages recognized by finite monoids. This characterization is the origin of algebraic language theory. In this paper, we…
A bialgebra is a structure which is simultaneously an algebra and a coalgebra, such that the algebraic and coalgebraic parts are "compatible". Bialgebras are normally studied over a field or commutative ring. In this paper, we show how to…
This article is an introduction to formal languages from the point of view of combinatorial group theory. Group theoretic applications are included and language classes are defined algebraically.
Recognizable languages of finite words are part of every computer science cursus, and they are routinely described as a cornerstone for applications and for theory. We would like to briefly explore why that is, and how this word-related…
Recent algorithmic advances in algebraic automata theory drew attention to semigroupoids (semicategories). These are mathematical descriptions of typed computational processes, but they have not been studied systematically in the context of…
$\omega$-clones are multi-sorted structures that naturally emerge as algebras for infinite trees, just as $\omega$-semigroups are convenient algebras for infinite words. In the algebraic theory of languages, one hopes that a language is…
Quasi-trees generalize trees in that the unique "path" between two nodes may be infinite and have any countable order type. They are used to define the rank-width of a countable graph in such a way that it is equal to the least upper-bound…
A fundamental theme in automata theory is regular languages of words and trees, and their many equivalent definitions. Salvati has proposed a generalization to regular languages of simply typed $\lambda$-terms, defined using denotational…
Sets with atoms serve as an alternative to ZFC foundations for mathematics, where some infinite, though highly symmetric sets, behave in a finitistic way. Therefore, one can try to carry over analysis of the classical algorithms from finite…
Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…
We introduce "synchronous algebras", an algebraic structure tailored to recognize automatic relations (aka. synchronous relations, or regular relations). They are the equivalent of monoids for regular languages, however they conceptually…
This paper proposes an algebraic view of trees which opens the doors to an alternative computational scheme with respect to classic algorithms. In particular, it is shown that this view is very well-suited for machine learning and…
In this paper we survey some surprising connections between group theory, the theory of automata and formal languages, the theory of ends, infinite games of perfect information, and monadic second-order logic.
One of the major open problems in automata and logic is the following: is there an algorithm which inputs a regular tree language and decides if the language can be defined in first-order logic? The goal of this paper is to present this…
We define a class of languages of infinite words over infinite alphabets, and the corresponding automata. The automata used for recognition are a generalisation of deterministic Muller automata to the setting of nominal sets. Remarkably,…
One of the main reasons for the correspondence of regular languages and monadic second-order logic is that the class of regular languages is closed under images of surjective letter-to-letter homomorphisms. This closure property holds for…