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We study gradient compression methods to alleviate the communication bottleneck in data-parallel distributed optimization. Despite the significant attention received, current compression schemes either do not scale well or fail to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Thijs Vogels , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Martin Jaggi

Adaptive gradient-based optimization methods such as \textsc{Adagrad}, \textsc{Rmsprop}, and \textsc{Adam} are widely used in solving large-scale machine learning problems including deep learning. A number of schemes have been proposed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Parvin Nazari , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , George Michailidis

A standard approach in large scale machine learning is distributed stochastic gradient training, which requires the computation of aggregated stochastic gradients over multiple nodes on a network. Communication is a major bottleneck in such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Hanlin Tang , Xiangru Lian , Chen Yu , Tong Zhang , Ji Liu

Adam is widely recognized as one of the most effective optimizers for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its remarkable empirical success, its theoretical convergence analysis remains unsatisfactory. Existing works predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Adam has proven remarkable successful in training deep neural networks, but the mechanisms underlying its empirical successes and limitations remain underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the effectiveness of Adam stems largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Wen Gao

Recent developments on large-scale distributed machine learning applications, e.g., deep neural networks, benefit enormously from the advances in distributed non-convex optimization techniques, e.g., distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Hao Yu , Rong Jin , Sen Yang

We introduce AdamS, a simple yet effective alternative to Adam for large language model (LLM) pretraining and post-training. By leveraging a novel denominator, i.e., the root of weighted sum of squares of the momentum and the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Huishuai Zhang , Bohan Wang , Luoxin Chen

We propose a continuous-time scheme for large-scale optimization that introduces individual, adaptive momentum coefficients regulated by the kinetic energy of each model parameter. This approach automatically adjusts to local landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aikaterini Karoni , Rajit Rajpal , Benedict Leimkuhler , Gabriel Stoltz

As foundation models continue to scale, pretraining increasingly relies on data-parallel distributed optimization, making bandwidth-limited gradient synchronization a key bottleneck. Orthogonally, projection-based low-rank optimizers were…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sizhe Dang , Jiaqi Shao , Xiaodong Zheng , Guang Dai , Yan Song , Haishan Ye

We propose Adaptive Compressed Gradient Descent (AdaCGD) - a novel optimization algorithm for communication-efficient training of supervised machine learning models with adaptive compression level. Our approach is inspired by the recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Maksim Makarenko , Elnur Gasanov , Rustem Islamov , Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Peter Richtarik

Efficient classical optimizers are crucial in practical implementations of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs). In particular, to make Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) resource efficient, adaptive strategies have been proposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Kosuke Ito

Optimization algorithms are core methods by which machine learning models iteratively minimize loss functions, update parameters, learn from data, and improve performance. Momentum SGD and AdamW represent two important optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Meng Zhu , Quan Xiao , Weidong Min

Adaptive gradient methods, such as Adam and LAMB, have demonstrated excellent performance in the training of large language models. Nevertheless, the need for adaptivity requires maintaining second-moment estimates of the per-parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Yang Luo , Xiaozhe Ren , Zangwei Zheng , Zhuo Jiang , Xin Jiang , Yang You

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) enables scalable distributed training but suffers from gradient staleness. Existing mitigation strategies, such as delay-adaptive learning rates and staleness-aware filtering, typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tehila Dahan , Roie Reshef , Sharon Goldstein , Kfir Y. Levy

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the standard numerical method used to solve the core optimization problem for the vast majority of machine learning (ML) algorithms. In the context of large scale learning, as utilized by many Big Data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Janis Keuper , Franz-Josef Pfreundt

We introduce Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments. The method is straightforward to implement, is computationally efficient, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Diederik P. Kingma , Jimmy Ba

Adam is a widely used stochastic optimization method for deep learning applications. While practitioners prefer Adam because it requires less parameter tuning, its use is problematic from a theoretical point of view since it may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Mingrui Liu , Wei Zhang , Francesco Orabona , Tianbao Yang

In this paper, we propose and analyze SQuARM-SGD, a communication-efficient algorithm for decentralized training of large-scale machine learning models over a network. In SQuARM-SGD, each node performs a fixed number of local SGD steps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Navjot Singh , Deepesh Data , Jemin George , Suhas Diggavi

The state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms rely on distributed training systems to tackle the increasing sizes of models and training data sets. Minibatch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm requires workers to halt forward/back…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Qinggang Zhou , Yawen Zhang , Pengcheng Li , Xiaoyong Liu , Jun Yang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

This paper studies a class of adaptive gradient based momentum algorithms that update the search directions and learning rates simultaneously using past gradients. This class, which we refer to as the "Adam-type", includes the popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xiangyi Chen , Sijia Liu , Ruoyu Sun , Mingyi Hong