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When playing video-games we immediately detect which entity we control and we center the attention towards it to focus the learning and reduce its dimensionality. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been able to deal with big state spaces,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Berkay Demirel , Martí Sánchez-Fibla

Although it is well known that exploration plays a key role in Reinforcement Learning (RL), prevailing exploration strategies for continuous control tasks in RL are mainly based on naive isotropic Gaussian noise regardless of the causality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Hao Sun , Taiyi Wang

Exploration is a key problem in reinforcement learning. Recently bonus-based methods have achieved considerable successes in environments where exploration is difficult such as Montezuma's Revenge, which assign additional bonuses (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Yan Song , Yingfeng Chen , Yujing Hu , Changjie Fan

Reinforcement learning (RL) plays a major role in solving complex sequential decision-making tasks. Hierarchical and goal-conditioned RL are promising methods for dealing with two major problems in RL, namely sample inefficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amirhossein Mesbah , Reshad Hosseini , Seyed Pooya Shariatpanahi , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general framework for adaptive control, which has proven to be efficient in many domains, e.g., board games, video games or autonomous vehicles. In such problems, an agent faces a sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Olivier Buffet , Olivier Pietquin , Paul Weng

Exploration strategy design is one of the challenging problems in reinforcement learning~(RL), especially when the environment contains a large state space or sparse rewards. During exploration, the agent tries to discover novel areas or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Xiao Ma , Shen-Yi Zhao , Wu-Jun Li

A long-standing problem in online reinforcement learning (RL) is of ensuring sample efficiency, which stems from an inability to explore environments efficiently. Most attempts at efficient exploration tackle this problem in a setting where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aman Mehra , Alexandre Capone , Jeff Schneider

The fast and efficient preparation of quantum critical states is a challenging yet crucial task for various quantum technologies. This difficulty is most particularly for systems near a quantum phase transition, where the closure of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Jia-Wen Yu , Yi-Ming Yu , Ke-Xiong Yan , Jun-Hao Lin , Jie Song , Ye-Hong Chen , Yan Xia

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables agents to learn policies from fixed datasets, avoiding costly or unsafe environment interactions. However, its effectiveness is often limited by dataset sparsity and the lack of transition overlap…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Lu Guo , Yixiang Shan , Zhengbang Zhu , Qifan Liang , Lichang Song , Ting Long , Weinan Zhang , Yi Chang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for solving complex decision-making problems, but its lack of transparency and interpretability has been a major challenge in domains where decisions have significant real-world consequences.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Muzhe Guo , Feixu Yu , Tian Lan , Fang Jin

Policies trained via Reinforcement Learning (RL) are often needlessly complex, making them difficult to analyse and interpret. In a run with $n$ time steps, a policy will make $n$ decisions on actions to take; we conjecture that only a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Hadrien Pouget , Hana Chockler , Youcheng Sun , Daniel Kroening

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that has been successfully applied to a wide variety of problems. However, it can be unpredictable and produce suboptimal results in complicated learning environments.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Brian Mintz , Feng Fu

Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is an imitation learning approach to learning reward functions from expert demonstrations. Its use avoids the difficult and tedious procedure of manual reward specification while retaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Daulet Baimukashev , Gokhan Alcan , Ville Kyrki

In this effort we consider a reinforcement learning (RL) technique for solving personalization tasks with complex reward signals. In particular, our approach is based on state space clustering with the use of a simplistic $k$-means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Anton Dereventsov , Ranga Raju Vatsavai , Clayton Webster

Reinforcement learning (RL) involves sequential decision making in uncertain environments. The aim of the decision-making agent is to maximize the benefit of acting in its environment over an extended period of time. Finding an optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Istvan Szita , Balint Takacs , Andras Lorincz

Incomplete knowledge of the environment leads an agent to make decisions under uncertainty. One of the major dilemmas in Reinforcement Learning (RL) where an autonomous agent has to balance two contrasting needs in making its decisions is:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-21 Valentina Zangirolami , Matteo Borrotti

Efficient reinforcement learning (RL) involves a trade-off between "exploitative" actions that maximise expected reward and "explorative'" ones that sample unvisited states. To encourage exploration, recent approaches proposed adding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Changmin Yu , David Mguni , Dong Li , Aivar Sootla , Jun Wang , Neil Burgess

The selection of a reward function in Reinforcement Learning (RL) has garnered significant attention because of its impact on system performance. Issues of significant steady-state errors often manifest when quadratic reward functions are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Liyao Wang , Zishun Zheng , Yuan Lin