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Related papers: Prospects for Characterizing the Haziest Sub-Neptu…

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K2-18b, a sub-Neptune orbiting in the habitable zone of an M dwarf, has attracted significant interest following observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and, more recently, with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that reveal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-18 Ruohan Liu , Panayotis Lavvas , Giovanna Tinetti , Jesus Maldonado , Sushuang Ma , Arianna Saba

Sub-Neptune exoplanets frequently exhibit muted transmission spectra, with GJ 1214 b being the most prominent example. Following years of intense observing campaigns yielding featureless planetary spectra, recent observations with JWST…

One of the most outstanding issues in exoplanet characterization is understanding the prevalence of obscuring clouds and hazes in their atmospheres. The ability to predict the presence of clouds/hazes a priori is an important goal when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-29 Kevin B. Stevenson

We present Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-ultraviolet transmission spectra of the transiting hot-Jupiter HD189733b, taken with the repaired Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument. The resulting spectra cover the…

The occurrence of a planet transiting in front of its host star offers the opportunity to observe the planet's atmosphere filtering starlight. The fraction of occulted stellar flux is roughly proportional to the optically thick area of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-20 G. Morello , T. Zingales , M. Martin-Lagarde , R. Gastaud , P. -O. Lagage

Hi-resolution spectroscopy (R > 25,000) has recently emerged as one of the leading methods to detect atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of exoplanets. However, it has so far been lacking in a robust method to extract…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Matteo Brogi , Michael R Line

The search for life in the universe is currently focused on Earth-analog planets. However, we should be prepared to find a diversity of terrestrial exoplanets not only in terms of host star but also in terms of surface environment.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-03 Jack Madden , Lisa Kaltenegger

Rocky exoplanets are faint and difficult to observe due to their small size and low brightness compared to their host star. Despite this, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has allowed us new methods and opportunities to study them.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 Ilyana A. Guez , Mark Claire

We study the properties of photochemical hazes in super-Earths/mini-Neptunes atmospheres with particular focus on GJ1214b. We evaluate photochemical haze properties at different metallicities between solar and 10000$\times$solar. Within the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Panayotis Lavvas , Tommi Koskinen , Maria Steinrueck , Antonio García Muñoz , Adam P. Showman

We propose a method to distinguish between cloudy, hazy and clearsky (free of clouds and hazes) exoplanet atmospheres that could be applicable to upcoming large aperture space and ground-based telescopes such as the James Webb Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-28 Amit Misra , Victoria Meadows

Context: Combining high-contrast imaging with medium- or high-resolution integral field spectroscopy has the potential to boost the detection rate of exoplanets, especially at small angular separations. Furthermore, it immediately provides…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-19 Rico Landman , Ignas Snellen , Cristoph Keller , Mamadou N'Diaye , Fedde Fagginger-Auer , Célia Desgrange

What makes the study of exoplanetary atmospheres so hard is the extraction of its tiny signal from observations, usually dominated by telluric absorption, stellar spectrum and instrumental noise. The High Resolution Spectroscopy has emerged…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 M. C. Maimone , A. Chiavassa , J. Leconte

Current observations of the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets are predominantly obtained with two techniques: low-resolution spectroscopy with space telescopes and high-resolution spectroscopy from the ground. Although the observables…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-12 M. Brogi , M. Line , J. Bean , J. -M. Désert , H. Schwarz

Photochemical hazes have been frequently used to interpret exoplanet transmission spectra that show an upward slope towards shorter wavelengths and weak molecular features. While previous studies have only considered spherical haze…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Danica Adams , Peter Gao , Imke de Pater , Caroline Morley

A primary goal of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is to detect and measure the abundance of biosignature molecules, such as water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), in the atmosphere of Earth analogs. This is expected to require deep…

Transmission spectroscopy is an effective technique for probing exoplanetary atmospheres. While most observations have relied on space facilities such as HST and JWST, ground-based high-resolution transmission spectroscopy (HRTS) has also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Manjunath Bestha , Athira Unni , T. Sivarani , Shivangi Menon , Parvathy M , Arun Surya , Pallavi Saraf , Devika Divakar , Lokesh Manickavasaham

We investigate the spectral appearance of Earth-like exoplanets in the HZ of different main sequence stars at different orbital distances. We furthermore discuss for which of these scenarios biomarker absorption bands may be detected during…

Interpretations of exoplanetary transmission spectra have been undermined by apparent obscuration due to clouds/hazes. Debate rages on whether weak H$_2$O features seen in exoplanet spectra are due to clouds or inherently depleted oxygen.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-29 Ryan J. MacDonald , Nikku Madhusudhan

The atmospheric characterisation of GJ1214 b has so far remained uncertain due to the observed flatness of the transit spectra of this planet that is typically attributed to the presence of hazes or clouds in its atmosphere. Here we combine…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 Panayotis Lavvas , Sophia Paraskevaidou , Anthony Arfaux

We have entered the phase of extrasolar planets characterization, probing their atmospheres for molecules, constraining their horizontal and vertical temperature profiles and estimating the contribution of clouds and hazes. We report here a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Giovanna Tinetti , Jean-Philippe Beaulieu