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Many NLP applications, such as biomedical data and technical support, have 10-100 million tokens of in-domain data and limited computational resources for learning from it. How should we train a language model in this scenario? Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Charles Welch , Rada Mihalcea , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld

We present an easy and efficient method to extend existing sentence embedding models to new languages. This allows to create multilingual versions from previously monolingual models. The training is based on the idea that a translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

This paper presents a significant improvement on the previous conference paper known as DefSent. The prior study seeks to improve sentence embeddings of language models by projecting definition sentences into the vector space of dictionary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xiaodong Liu

Neural embedding approaches have become a staple in the fields of computer vision, natural language processing, and more recently, graph analytics. Given the pervasive nature of these algorithms, the natural question becomes how to exploit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Alexander Kalinowski , Yuan An

Contrastive learning has been the dominant approach to train state-of-the-art sentence embeddings. Previous studies have typically learned sentence embeddings either through the use of human-annotated natural language inference (NLI) data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Junlei Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

A variety of contextualised language models have been proposed in the NLP community, which are trained on diverse corpora to produce numerous Neural Language Models (NLMs). However, different NLMs have reported different levels of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Keigo Takahashi , Danushka Bollegala

Sentence embedding is essential for many NLP tasks, with contrastive learning methods achieving strong performance using annotated datasets like NLI. Yet, the reliance on manual labels limits scalability. Recent studies leverage large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyang He , Chenglong Liu , Rui Li , Zhenya Huang , Shulan Ruan , Jun Zhou , Enhong Chen

This paper presents SOLOMON, a novel Neuro-inspired Large Language Model (LLM) Reasoning Network architecture that enhances the adaptability of foundation models for domain-specific applications. Through a case study in semiconductor layout…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Bo Wen , Xin Zhang

This article introduces a novel and fast method for refining pre-trained static word or, more generally, token embeddings. By incorporating the embeddings of neighboring tokens in text corpora, it continuously updates the representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mario M. Kubek , Shiraj Pokharel , Thomas Böhme , Emma L. McDaniel , Herwig Unger , Armin R. Mikler

The lack of annotated data in many languages is a well-known challenge within the field of multilingual natural language processing (NLP). Therefore, many recent studies focus on zero-shot transfer learning and joint training across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Niels van der Heijden , Samira Abnar , Ekaterina Shutova

Neural machine translation (NMT) becomes a new state-of-the-art and achieves promising translation results using a simple encoder-decoder neural network. This neural network is trained once on the parallel corpus and the fixed network is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Xiaoqing Li , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

To ensure satisfactory user experience, dialog systems must be able to determine whether an input sentence is in-domain (ID) or out-of-domain (OOD). We assume that only ID sentences are available as training data because collecting enough…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Seonghan Ryu , Seokhwan Kim , Junhwi Choi , Hwanjo Yu , Gary Geunbae Lee

Deep learning models continuously break new records across different NLP tasks. At the same time, their success exposes weaknesses of model evaluation. Here, we compile several key pitfalls of evaluation of sentence embeddings, a currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Steffen Eger , Andreas Rücklé , Iryna Gurevych

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in low-resource languages lag far behind those in English, making their universal accessibility a significant challenge. To alleviate this, we present $\textit{Franken-Adapter}$, a modular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Fan Jiang , Honglin Yu , Grace Chung , Trevor Cohn

Generating a text abstract from a set of documents remains a challenging task. The neural encoder-decoder framework has recently been exploited to summarize single documents, but its success can in part be attributed to the availability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Logan Lebanoff , Kaiqiang Song , Fei Liu

Semantic segmentation with dense pixel-wise annotation has achieved excellent performance thanks to deep learning. However, the generalization of semantic segmentation in the wild remains challenging. In this paper, we address the problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Wei Zhou , Yukang Wang , Jiajia Chu , Jiehua Yang , Xiang Bai , Yongchao Xu

The concept of unsupervised universal sentence encoders has gained traction recently, wherein pre-trained models generate effective task-agnostic fixed-dimensional representations for phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Such methods are of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Subhradeep Kayal

Contrastive learning has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing pre-trained language models (PLMs) to derive superior universal sentence embeddings. However, existing contrastive methods still have two limitations. Firstly, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yuxin Jiang , Linhan Zhang , Wei Wang

This paper contributes a new State Of The Art (SOTA) for Semantic Textual Similarity (STS). We compare and combine a number of recently proposed sentence embedding methods for STS, and propose a novel and simple ensemble knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Fredrik Carlsson Magnus Sahlgren

The recent tremendous success of unsupervised word embeddings in a multitude of applications raises the obvious question if similar methods could be derived to improve embeddings (i.e. semantic representations) of word sequences as well. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Matteo Pagliardini , Prakhar Gupta , Martin Jaggi