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We provide new convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for diffusion-based generative models, covering both stochastic (DDPM-like) and deterministic (DDIM-like) sampling methods. We introduce a simple framework to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eliot Beyler , Francis Bach

A new non-perturbative approach to quantum theory in curved spacetime and to quantum gravity, based on a generalisation of the Wigner equation, is proposed. Our definition for a Wigner equation differs from what have otherwise been…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Frank Antonsen

We present a framework enabling variational data assimilation for gradient flows in general metric spaces, based on the minimizing movement (or Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto) approximation scheme. After discussing stability properties in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Jan-F. Pietschmann , Matthias Schlottbom

The Wasserstein barycenter extends the Euclidean mean to the space of probability measures by minimizing the weighted sum of squared 2-Wasserstein distances. We develop a free-support algorithm for computing Wasserstein barycenters that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-17 Kisung You

Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) distances compare graphs, shapes, and point clouds through internal distances, without requiring a common coordinate system. This invariance is powerful, but discrete GW is a nonconvex quadratic optimal transport…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ao Xu , Tieru Wu

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) optimizes against worst-case distributional shifts within a specified uncertainty set, leading to enhanced generalization on unseen adversarial examples, compared to standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Shuang Liu , Yihan Wang , Yifan Zhu , Yibo Miao , Xiao-Shan Gao

The Wasserstein distance received a lot of attention recently in the community of machine learning, especially for its principled way of comparing distributions. It has found numerous applications in several hard problems, such as domain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-23 Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Mélanie Ducoffe

We study the Wasserstein gradient flow of the Sinkhorn divergence when both the source and the target are Gaussian distributions. We prove the existence of a flow that stays in the class of Gaussian distributions, and is unique in the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Mathis Hardion , Théo Lacombe

A statistical model M is a family of probability distributions, characterised by a set of continuous parameters known as the parameter space. This possesses natural geometrical properties induced by the embedding of the family of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Dorje C. Brody , Lane P. Hughston

Optimal transport distances are powerful tools to compare probability distributions and have found many applications in machine learning. Yet their algorithmic complexity prevents their direct use on large scale datasets. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-14 Kilian Fatras , Younes Zine , Rémi Flamary , Rémi Gribonval , Nicolas Courty

The Wasserstein metric is introduced as a probabilistic method to enable quantitative evaluations of LES combustion models. The Wasserstein metric can directly be evaluated from scatter data or statistical results using probabilistic…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-06-06 Ross Johnson , Hao Wu , Matthias Ihme

Wasserstein Gradient Flows (WGF) with respect to specific functionals have been widely used in the machine learning literature. Recently, neural networks have been adopted to approximate certain intractable parts of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Huminhao Zhu , Fangyikang Wang , Chao Zhang , Hanbin Zhao , Hui Qian

Recently, optimization on the Riemannian manifold have provided valuable insights to the optimization community. In this regard, extending these methods to to the Wasserstein space is of particular interest, since optimization on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Mingyang Yi , Bohan Wang

Wasserstein dictionary learning is an unsupervised approach to learning a collection of probability distributions that generate observed distributions as Wasserstein barycentric combinations. Existing methods for Wasserstein dictionary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Marshall Mueller , Shuchin Aeron , James M. Murphy , Abiy Tasissa

We study a variety of Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) problems where the distributions in the ambiguity set are chosen by constraining their Wasserstein discrepancies to the empirical distribution. Using the notion…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Hong T. M. Chu , Meixia Lin , Kim-Chuan Toh

We formulate and solve a regression problem with time-stamped distributional data. Distributions are considered as points in the Wasserstein space of probability measures, metrized by the 2-Wasserstein metric, and may represent images,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-30 Amirhossein Karimi , Tryphon T. Georgiou

The logarithm-determinant is an widely-present operation in many areas of physics and computer science. Derivatives of the logarithm-determinant compute physically relevant quantities in statistical physics models, quantum field theories,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Thomas E. Baker , Jaimie A. Greasley

The two-sample homogeneity testing problem is fundamental in statistics and becomes particularly challenging in high dimensions, where classical tests can suffer substantial power loss. We develop a learning-assisted procedure based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-30 Xiaoyu Hu , Zhenhua Lin

We study multi-objective optimization over probability distributions in Wasserstein space. Recently, Nguyen et al. (2025) introduced Multiple Wasserstein Gradient Descent (MWGraD) algorithm, which exploits the geometric structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Dai Hai Nguyen , Duc Dung Nguyen , Atsuyoshi Nakamura , Hiroshi Mamitsuka

This paper proposes a new theoretical lens to view Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGANs). To minimize the Wasserstein-1 distance between the true data distribution and our estimate of it, we derive a distribution-dependent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-05 Zachariah Malik , Yu-Jui Huang