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Over the years, the increasingly complex and interconnected vehicles raised the need for effective and efficient Intrusion Detection Systems against on-board networks. In light of the stringent domain requirements and the heterogeneity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Stefano Longari , Alessandro Nichelini , Carlo Alberto Pozzoli , Michele Carminati , Stefano Zanero

Controller Area Networks (CANs) are the backbone for reliable intra-vehicular communication. Recent cyberattacks have, however, exposed the weaknesses of CAN, which was designed without any security considerations in the 1980s. Current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Eric Wagner , Frederik Basels , Jan Bauer , Till Zimmermann , Klaus Wehrle , Martin Henze

Based on requirements of modern vehicle, in- vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN) architecture has been implemented. In order to reduce point to point wiring harness in vehicle automation, CAN is suggested as a means for data communication…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-14 Kashyap Joshi , Vipul Gohil

In a modern vehicle, there are over seventy Electronics Control Units (ECUs). For an in-vehicle network, ECUs communicate with each other by following a standard communication protocol, such as Controller Area Network (CAN). However, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Yi Li , Jing Lin , Kaiqi Xiong

Autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) rely on cameras to control the driving. In many prior approaches an attacker aiming to stop the vehicle had to send messages on the specialized and better-defended CAN bus. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Dror Peri , Avishai Wool

Modern vehicles are increasingly vulnerable to attacks that exploit network infrastructures, particularly the Controller Area Network (CAN) networks. To effectively counter such threats using contemporary tools like Intrusion Detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sadek Misto Kirdi , Nicola Scarano , Franco Oberti , Luca Mannella , Stefano Di Carlo , Alessandro Savino

Radiological material transportation is primarily facilitated by heavy-duty on-road vehicles. Modern vehicles have dozens of electronic control units or ECUs, which are small, embedded computers that communicate with sensors and each other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Samuel C Hollifield , Pablo Moriano , William L Lambert , Joel Asiamah , Isaac Sikkema , Michael D Iannacone

Automobiles are equipped with Electronic Control Units (ECU) that communicate via in-vehicle network protocol standards such as Controller Area Network (CAN). These protocols are designed under the assumption that separating in-vehicle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-23 Sang Uk Sagong , Xuhang Ying , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

Nowadays with the help of advanced technology, modern vehicles are not only made up of mechanical devices but also consist of highly complex electronic devices and connections to the outside world. There are around 70 Electronic Control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Omid Avatefipour , Hafiz Malik

The security of modern vehicles has become increasingly important, with the controller area network (CAN) bus serving as a critical communication backbone for various Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The absence of robust security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Stefano Longari , Paolo Cerracchio , Michele Carminati , Stefano Zanero

Modern vehicles may contain a considerable number of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) which are connected through various means of communication, with the CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol being the most widely used. However, several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Robert Buttigieg , Mario Farrugia , Clyde Meli

Although ubiquitous in modern vehicles, Controller Area Networks (CANs) lack basic security properties and are easily exploitable. A rapidly growing field of CAN security research has emerged that seeks to detect intrusions on CANs.…

This paper presents a new masquerade attack called the cloaking attack and provides formal analyses for clock skew-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) that detect masquerade attacks in the Controller Area Network (CAN) in automobiles.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Xuhang Ying , Sang Uk Sagong , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

The progress of automotive technologies has made cybersecurity a crucial focus, leading to various cyber attacks. These attacks primarily target the Controller Area Network (CAN) and specialized Electronic Control Units (ECUs). In order to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yangyang Liu , Lei Xue , Sishan Wang , Xiapu Luo , Kaifa Zhao , Pengfei Jing , Xiaobo Ma , Yajuan Tang , Haiying Zhou

Vehicular Controller Area Networks (CANs) are susceptible to cyber attacks of different levels of sophistication. Fabrication attacks are the easiest to administer -- an adversary simply sends (extra) frames on a CAN -- but also the easiest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Pablo Moriano , Robert A. Bridges , Michael D. Iannacone

As the development of autonomous and connected vehicles advances, the complexity of modern vehicles increases, with numerous Electronic Control Units (ECUs) integrated into the system. In an in-vehicle network, these ECUs communicate with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Long Dang , Thushari Hapuarachchi , Kaiqi Xiong , Yi Li

The Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance between the vehicle and the lead (ahead) vehicle. The controller's decision to accelerate or decelerate is computed using the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Mubark B. Jedh , Lotfi ben Othmane , Arun K. Somani

Connected vehicles are threatened by cyber-attacks as in-vehicle networks technologically approach (mobile) LANs with several wireless interconnects to the outside world. Malware that infiltrates a car today faces potential victims of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Philipp Meyer , Timo Häckel , Sandra Reider , Franz Korf , Thomas C. Schmidt

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Emad Aliwa , Omer Rana , Charith Perera , Peter Burnap

This paper introduces a method for unsupervised tokenization of Controller Area Network (CAN) data payloads using bit level transition analysis and a greedy grouping strategy. The primary goal of this proposal is to extract individual time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Brent J. Stone , Scott Graham , Barry Mullins , Christine Schubert Kabban