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We give a half-page proof of the Lagrange-Good formula, using the Fourier representation of Dirac delta function.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Minh-Toan Nguyen

We show that well-chosen Lagrangians for a class of two-dimensional integrable lattice equations obey a closure relation when embedded in a higher dimensional lattice. On the basis of this property we formulate a Lagrangian description for…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-05-13 Sarah Lobb , Frank Nijhoff

We discuss two generalizations of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations, one in which a given mechanical system can be brought into the form of Lagrangian equations with non-conservative forces of a generalized Rayleigh…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-03-11 T. Mestdag , W. Sarlet , M. Crampin

Connection of the Four Color Theorem (FCT) with some operations on trees is described. L.H. Kauffman's theorem about FCT and vector cross product is discussed. Operation of transplantation on trees linked with the move of brackets according…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-27 Sergey I. Kryuchkov

An invertible field transformation is such that the old field variables correspond one-to-one to the new variables. As such, one may think that two systems that are related by an invertible transformation are physically equivalent. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-01 Kazufumi Takahashi , Hayato Motohashi , Teruaki Suyama , Tsutomu Kobayashi

We study the expressive power of the two-variable fragment of order-invariant first-order logic. This logic departs from first-order logic in two ways: first, formulas are only allowed to quantify over two variables. Second, formulas can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Julien Grange

Necessary conditions for a field theoretic equation of motion to be the consequence of variation of an infinite number of inequivalent Lagrangians are examined.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 D. B. Fairlie

Every one knows that an equation is equivalent to a multivariate function. Generally speaking, there are more than one unknown x in this multivariate function and it is not easy to reduce the number of unknown x to one. In this paper we…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Zi Qian Wu

We generalise various theorems for finding indiscernible trees and arrays to positive logic: based on an existing modelling theorem for s-trees, we prove modelling theorems for str-trees, str$_0$-trees (the reduct of str-trees that forgets…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Mark Kamsma

The Uniform convergence of double Fourier-Legendre series of function of bounded Harmonic variation and bounded partial $\Lambda $-variation are investigated.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-10-10 Ushangi Goginava

Symmetries in the Lagrangian formalism of arbitrary order are analysed with the help of the so-called Anderson-Duchamp-Krupka equations. For the case of second order equations and a scalar field we establish a polynomial structure in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 D. R. Grigore

We initiate the study of positive geometry and scattering forms for tree-level amplitudes with matter particles in the (anti-)fundamental representation of the color/flavor group. As a toy example, we study the bi-color scalar theory, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-08 Aidan Herderschee , Song He , Fei Teng , Yong Zhang

We define a GL-variety to be a (typically infinite dimensional) algebraic variety equipped with an action of the infinite general linear group under which the coordinate ring forms a polynomial representation. Such varieties have been used…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Arthur Bik , Jan Draisma , Rob H. Eggermont , Andrew Snowden

Any local field theory can be equivalently reformulated in the so-called unfolded form. General unfolded equations are non-Lagrangian even though the original theory is Lagrangian. Using the theory of a scalar field as a basic example, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-06-24 D. S. Kaparulin , S. L. Lyakhovich , A. A. Sharapov

We present counting methods for some special classes of multivariate polynomials over a finite field, namely the reducible ones, the s-powerful ones (divisible by the s-th power of a nonconstant polynomial), and the relatively irreducible…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2013-11-12 Joachim von zur Gathen , Alfredo Viola , Konstantin Ziegler

The aim of this note is to prove a representation theorem for left--invariant functionals in Carnot groups. As a direct consequence, we can also provide a $\Gamma$-convergence result for a smaller class of functionals.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-04-21 Alberto Maione , Eugenio Vecchi

The Universal Field Equations, recently constructed as examples of higher dimensional dynamical systems which admit an infinity of inequivalent Lagrangians are shown to be linearised by a Legendre transformation. This establishes the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 David B. Fairlie , Jan Govaerts

The varying-coefficient model is a strong tool for the modelling of interactions in generalized regression. It is easy to apply if both the variables that are modified as well as the effect modifiers are known. However, in general one has a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-25 Moritz Berger , Gerhard Tutz , Matthias Schmid

Using the Lagrange inversion formula, $t$-ary trees are enumerated with respect to edge type (left, middle, right for ternary trees).

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Helmut Prodinger

We analyze the relation between the concept of auxiliary variables and the Inverse problem of the calculus of variations to construct a Lagrangian from a given set of equations of motion. The problem of the construction of a consistent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ignacio Cortese , J. Antonio Garcia