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The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of people worldwide prompted the implementation of a range of preventive measures at local, national, and international levels. Early in the outbreak, before the vaccine became…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-03 Pranav Verma , Viney Kumar , Samit Bhattacharyya

Physical contact remains difficult to trace in large metropolitan networks, though it is a key vehicle for the transmission of contagious outbreaks. Co-presence encounters during daily transit use provide us with a city-scale time-resolved…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-05-20 Lijun Sun , Kay W. Axhausen , Der-Horng Lee , Manuel Cebrian

By incorporating delayed epidemic information and self-restricted travel behavior into the SIS model, we have investigated the coupled effects of timely and accurate epidemic information and people's sensitivity to the epidemic information…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-16 Wen-Juan Xu , Chen-Yang Zhong , Hui-Fen Ye , Rong-Da Chen , Tian Qiu , Fei Ren , Li-Xin Zhong

Epidemic models study the spread of an undesired agent through a population, be it infectious diseases through a country, misinformation in online social media, or pests infesting a region. In combating these epidemics, we rely neither on…

The spread of COVID-19 has been thwarted in most countries through non-pharmaceutical interventions. In particular, the most effective measures in this direction have been the stay-at-home and closure strategies of businesses and schools.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-04 G. Dimarco , G. Toscani , M. Zanella

Contact tracing has been extensively studied from different perspectives in recent years. However, there is no clear indication of why this intervention has proven effective in some epidemics (SARS) and mostly ineffective in some others…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Quyu Kong , Manuel Garcia-Herranz , Ivan Dotu , Manuel Cebrian

Information and individual activities often spread globally through the network of social ties. While social contagion phenomena have been extensively studied within the framework of threshold models, it is common to make an assumption that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-06-07 Teruyoshi Kobayashi

Populations are seldom completely isolated from their environment. Individuals in a particular geographic or social region may be considered a distinct network due to strong local ties, but will also interact with individuals in other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-03-30 M. Dickison , S. Havlin , H. E. Stanley

The COVID-19 pandemic began over two years ago, yet schools, businesses, and other organizations are still struggling to keep the risk of disease outbreak low while returning to (near) normal functionality. Observations from these past…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-02 Sarah C. Fay , Dalton J. Jones , Munther A. Dahleh , A. E. Hosoi

Identifying the infection sources in a network, including the index cases that introduce a contagious disease into a population network, the servers that inject a computer virus into a computer network, or the individuals who started a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Wuqiong Luo , Wee Peng Tay , Mei Leng

Connectivity - or the lack thereof - is crucial for the function of many man-made systems, from financial and economic networks over epidemic spreading in social networks to technical infrastructure. Often, connections are deliberately…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-12-13 Malte Schröder , Nuno A. M. Araújo , Didier Sornette , Jan Nagler

After the first lockdown in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries faced difficulties in balancing infection control with economics. Due to limited prior knowledge, economists began researching this issue using cost-benefit…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-19 Tsuyoshi Hondou

In the absence of any proper clinical solution, human civilization is only left with sophisticated intervention measures to contain the spread of COVID-19. However, the existing models to estimate the intervention does not take into account…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-28 Suman Dutta

In fighting infectious diseases posing a global health threat, ranging from influenza to Zika, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), such as social distancing and face covering, remain mitigation measures public health can resort to.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-12 Alina Glaubitz , Feng Fu

The spreading of epidemics is very much determined by the structure of the contact network, which may be impacted by the mobility dynamics of the individuals themselves. In confined scenarios where a small, closed population spends most of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-05-09 Clara Granell , Peter J. Mucha

Capturing the structured mixing within a population is key to the reliable projection of infectious disease dynamics and hence informed control. Both heterogeneity in the number of contacts and age-structured mixing have been repeatedly…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Luke Murray Kearney , Emma L Davis , Matt J Keeling

Motivated by the increasing number of COVID-19 cases that have been observed in many countries after the vaccination and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, we propose a mathematical model on time-varying networks for the spread…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-03-09 Kathinka Frieswijk , Lorenzo Zino , Ming Cao

The vast majority of strategies aimed at controlling contagion processes on networks considers the connectivity pattern of the system as either quenched or annealed. However, in the real world many networks are highly dynamical and evolve…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-17 Suyu Liu , Nicola Perra , Marton Karsai , Alessandro Vespignani

We introduce a multi-population mean field game framework to examine how economic status and authority perception shape vaccination and social distancing decisions under different epidemic control policies. We carried out a survey to inform…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Huaning Liu , Junke Yang , Soren L. Larsen , Pamela P. Martinez , Gokce Dayanikli

During an epidemic control, the containment of the disease is usually achieved through increasing devoted resource to shorten the duration of infectiousness. However, the impact of this resource expenditure has not been studied…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-10-02 Xiaolong Chen , Tianshou Zhou , Ling Feng , Junhao Liang , Fredrik Liljeros , Shlomo Havlin , Yanqing Hu