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We present a new framework for optimal and feedback control of PDEs using Koopman operator-based reduced order models (K-ROMs). The Koopman operator is a linear but infinite-dimensional operator which describes the dynamics of observables.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-14 Sebastian Peitz , Stefan Klus

We rigorously derive novel error bounds for extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) to approximate the Koopman operator for discrete- and continuous time (stochastic) systems; both for i.i.d. and ergodic sampling under non-restrictive…

Traditional control methods often show limitations in dealing with complex nonlinear systems, especially when it is difficult to accurately obtain the exact system model, and the control accuracy and stability are difficult to guarantee. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Yangjun Sun , Zhiliang Liu

Koopman operators model nonlinear dynamics as a linear dynamic system acting on a nonlinear function as the state. This nonstandard state is often called a Koopman observable and is usually approximated numerically by a superposition of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-29 Charles A. Johnson , Shara Balakrishnan , Enoch Yeung

This work establishes a rigorous bridge between infinite-dimensional delay dynamics and finite-dimensional Koopman learning, with explicit and interpretable error guarantees. While Koopman analysis is well-developed for ordinary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Santosh Mohan Rajkumar , Dibyasri Barman , Kumar Vikram Singh , Debdipta Goswami

Analyzing the long-term behavior of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems remains a significant challenge. While the Koopman operator framework provides a powerful global linearization tool, current methods for approximating its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuanchao Xu , Kaidi Shao , Nikos Logothetis , Zhongwei Shen

Koopman analysis of a general dynamics system provides a linear Koopman operator and an embedded eigenfunction space, enabling the application of standard techniques from linear analysis. However, in practice, deriving exact operators and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Alexander Estornell , Leonard Jung , Alenna Spiro , Mario Sznaier , Michael Everett

The Koopman operator plays a crucial role in analyzing the global behavior of dynamical systems. Existing data-driven methods for approximating the Koopman operator or discovering the governing equations of the underlying system typically…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Mohammad Tabish , Neil K. Chada , Stefan Klus

A systematic mathematical framework for the study of numerical algorithms would allow comparisons, facilitate conjugacy arguments, as well as enable the discovery of improved, accelerated, data-driven algorithms. Over the course of the last…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Felix Dietrich , Thomas N. Thiem , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

The Koopman operator is a linear operator that describes the evolution of scalar observables (i.e., measurement functions of the states) in an infinitedimensional Hilbert space. This operator theoretic point of view lifts the dynamics of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Gregory Snyder , Zhuoyuan Song

MPC is widely used in real-time applications, but practical implementations are typically restricted to convex QP formulations to ensure fast and certified execution. Koopman-based MPC enables QP-based control of nonlinear systems by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Liang Wu , Wallace Gian Yion Tan , Leqi Zhou , Richard D. Braatz , Jan Drgona

We derive a data-driven method for the approximation of the Koopman generator called gEDMD, which can be regarded as a straightforward extension of EDMD (extended dynamic mode decomposition). This approach is applicable to deterministic and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Stefan Klus , Feliks Nüske , Sebastian Peitz , Jan-Hendrik Niemann , Cecilia Clementi , Christof Schütte

Koopman operator theory, a powerful framework for discovering the underlying dynamics of nonlinear dynamical systems, was recently shown to be intimately connected with neural network training. In this work, we take the first steps in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Akshunna S. Dogra , William T Redman

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in data-driven approaches in physics, such as extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD). The EDMD algorithm focuses on nonlinear time-evolution systems, and the constructed Koopman matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ichiro Ohta , Shota Koyanagi , Kayo Kinjo , Jun Ohkubo

Controlling nonlinear dynamical systems remains a central challenge in a wide range of applications, particularly when accurate first-principle models are unavailable. Data-driven approaches offer a promising alternative by designing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Robin Strässer , Karl Worthmann , Igor Mezić , Julian Berberich , Manuel Schaller , Frank Allgöwer

The Koopman operator has recently garnered much attention for its value in dynamical systems analysis and data-driven model discovery. However, its application has been hindered by the computational complexity of extended dynamic mode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Enoch Yeung , Soumya Kundu , Nathan Hodas

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a popular data-driven method to approximate the action of the Koopman operator on a linear function space spanned by a dictionary of functions. The accuracy of EDMD model critically depends on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Masih Haseli , Jorge Cortés

Nonlinear dynamical systems can be handily described by the associated Koopman operator, whose action evolves every observable of the system forward in time. Learning the Koopman operator and its spectral decomposition from data is enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Vladimir Kostic , Karim Lounici , Pietro Novelli , Massimiliano Pontil

This paper proposes a data-driven framework to learn a finite-dimensional approximation of a Koopman operator for approximating the state evolution of a dynamical system under noisy observations. To this end, our proposed solution has two…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Wenjian Hao , Devesh Upadhyay , Shaoshuai Mou

This paper proposes Koopman operator-based Stochastic Model Predictive Control (K-SMPC) for enhanced lateral control of autonomous vehicles. The Koopman operator is a linear map representing the nonlinear dynamics in an infinite-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Jin Sung Kim , Ying Shuai Quan , Chung Choo Chung