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We present the Small-Coupling Dynamic Cavity (SCDC) method, a novel generalized mean-field approximation for epidemic inference and risk assessment within a fully Bayesian framework. SCDC accounts for non-causal effects of observations and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-05-01 Alfredo Braunstein , Giovanni Catania , Luca Dall'Asta , Matteo Mariani , Fabio Mazza , Mattia Tarabolo

Low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) captures pulmonary and cardiac structures in a single scan, enabling joint assessment of lung and cardiovascular health. Existing approaches typically model these domains independently and do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yifei Zhang , Jiashuo Zhang , Mojtaba Safari , Xiaofeng Yang , Liang Zhao

We present Cardiac Stability Theory (CST), an axiomatically grounded framework formally defining cardiovascular health as a stability margin around a cardiac dynamical attractor. From four axioms we derive the Cardiac Stability Index (CSI),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Timothy Oladunni , Farouk Ganiyu Adewumi

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can be developed after witnessing or experiencing extremely traumatic events. PTSD can affect anyone, regardless of ethnicity, or culture. An estimated one in every eleven…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Mamadou Dia , Ghazaleh Khodabandelou , Alice Othmani

Deep neural networks often rely on spurious correlations to make predictions, which hinders generalization beyond training environments. For instance, models that associate cats with bed backgrounds can fail to predict the existence of cats…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shirley Wu , Mert Yuksekgonul , Linjun Zhang , James Zou

In our previous study, we introduced stable specification search for cross-sectional data (S3C). It is an exploratory causal method that combines stability selection concept and multi-objective optimization to search for stable and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-25 Ridho Rahmadi , Perry Groot , Tom Heskes

Observational causal discovery is only identifiable up to the Markov equivalence class. While interventions can reduce this ambiguity, in practice interventions are often soft with multiple unknown targets. In many realistic scenarios, only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Mingxuan Zhang , Khushi Desai , Sopho Kevlishvili , Elham Azizi

Difference-in-Differences (DiD) and Synthetic Control (SC) are widely used methods for causal inference in panel data, each with distinct strengths and limitations. We propose a novel method for short-panel causal inference that integrates…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-26 Yixiao Sun , Haitian Xie , Yuhang Zhang

We propose causal isotonic calibration, a novel nonparametric method for calibrating predictors of heterogeneous treatment effects. Furthermore, we introduce cross-calibration, a data-efficient variant of calibration that eliminates the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-07 Lars van der Laan , Ernesto Ulloa-Pérez , Marco Carone , Alex Luedtke

Every day, poison control centers (PCC) are called for immediate classification and treatment recommendations if an acute intoxication is suspected. Due to the time-sensitive nature of these cases, doctors are required to propose a correct…

Machine learning models are increasingly applied to biomedical data, yet their adoption in high stakes domains remains limited by poor robustness, limited interpretability, and instability of learned features under realistic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Justyna Andrys-Olek , Paulina Tworek , Luca Gherardini , Mark W. Ruddock , Mary Jo Kurt , Peter Fitzgerald , Jose Sousa

Background. Treatment selection for low to intermediate risk patients with severe aortic stenosis between surgical (SAVR) and transcatheter (TAVR) aortic valve replacement remains variable in clinical practice, driven by patient…

Cardiovascular stability estimation from wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) requires a principled nonlinear framework, yet major gaps persist in heuristic parameter selection and evaluation protocols that inflate reported performance. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Timothy Oladunni , Farouk Ganiyu Adewumi

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a leading cause of preventable adverse events, often complicating treatment and increasing healthcare costs. At the same time, knowing which drugs do not interact is equally important, as such knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Maryam Abdollahi Shamami , Babak Teimourpour , Farshad Sharifi

The positivity assumption is central in the identification of a causal effect, and especially the stochastic variant is an issue many applied researchers face, yet is rarely discussed, especially in conjunction with continuous treatments or…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-03 Katharina Ring , Michael Schomaker

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects, yet they are often underpowered for detecting effect heterogeneity. Large observational studies (OS) can supplement RCTs for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Amir Asiaee , Samhita Pal

Motivated by conflicting conclusions regarding hydrocortisone's treatment effect on ICU patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock, we developed a novel instrumental variable (IV) estimator to assess the average treatment effect (ATE)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-18 Runjia Li , Victor B. Talisa , Chung-Chou H. Chang

Machine learning models for chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk prediction often post strong discrimination scores on internal test sets. Calibration and uncertainty quantification get far less attention, leaving clinicians without reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Michael O. Eniolade

Accurate and interpretable survival analysis remains a core challenge in oncology. With growing multimodal data and the clinical need for transparent models to support validation and trust, this challenge increases in complexity. We propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mafalda Malafaia , Peter A. N. Bosman , Coen Rasch , Tanja Alderliesten

We describe the DISC (Different Individuals, Same Clusters) design, a sampling scheme that can improve the precision of difference-in-differences (DID) estimators in settings involving repeated sampling of a population at multiple time…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-21 Jordan Downey , Avi Kenny