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In this paper, we present an approach to integer factorization using distributed representations formed with Vector Symbolic Architectures. The approach formulates integer factorization in a manner such that it can be solved using neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Denis Kleyko , Connor Bybee , Christopher J. Kymn , Bruno A. Olshausen , Amir Khosrowshahi , Dmitri E. Nikonov , Friedrich T. Sommer , E. Paxon Frady

We describe proofs of the standard generating formulas for unsigned and signed Stirling numbers of the first kind that follow from a natural combinatorial interpretation based on cycle-colored permutations.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-21 Paul Levande

A difference equation based method of determining two factors of a composite is presented. The feasibility of P-complexity is shown. Presentation of material is non-theoretical; intended to be accessible to a broader audience of non…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-02-23 Charles Sauerbier

In this note, we represent integers in a type of factoradic notation. Rather than use the corresponding Lehmer code, we will view integers as permutations. Given a pair of integers n and k, we give a formula for n mod k in terms of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Thomas Oliver , Alexei Vernitski

Under the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, any integer $n>1$ can be uniquely written as a product of prime powers $p^a$; factoring each exponent $a$ as a product of prime powers $q^b$, and so on, one will obtain what is called the tower…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-30 Jean-Marie De Koninck , William Verreault

The principle of finding an integrating factor for a none exact differential equations is extended to a class of third order differential equations. If the third order equation is not exact, under certain conditions, an integrating factor…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-06-21 Mohammadkheer Al-Jararha

We initiate the combinatorial study of factorization systems on finite lattices, paying special attention to the role that reflective and coreflective factorization systems play in partitioning the poset of factorization systems on a fixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Jishnu Bose , Tien Chih , Hannah Housden , Legrand Jones , Chloe Lewis , Kyle Ormsby , Millie Rose

In this article we obtain an explicit formula in terms of the partitions of the positive integer $n$ to express the $n$-th term of a wide class of sequences of numbers defined by recursion. Our proof is based only on arithmetics. We compare…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-02 Giuseppe Fera , Vittorino Talamini

By the theory of elliptic curves, we study the integers representable as the product of the sum of four integers with the sum of their reciprocals and give a sufficient condition for the integers with a positive representation.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-12 Yong Zhang

A vector composition of a vector $\mathbf{\ell}$ is a matrix $\mathbf{A}$ whose rows sum to $\mathbf{\ell}$. We define a weighted vector composition as a vector composition in which the column values of $\mathbf{A}$ may appear in different…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-28 Steffen Eger

Color transparency is a prediction of perturbative QCD. Yet detailed calculations have been lacking, and aspects of the required factorization have been controversial. We report on the first complete calculations entirely within a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 John P. Ralston , Pankaj Jain , Bijoy Kundu , Jim Samuelsson

Coloring numbers are one of the simplest combinatorial invariants of knots and links to describe. And with Joyce's introduction of quandles, we can understand them more algebraically. But can we extend these invariants to tangles -- knots…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-03-12 John Armstrong

We show that every integer doubly nonnegative $2 \times 2$ matrix has an integer cp-factorization.

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Thomas Laffey , Helena Šmigoc

Some finite series of harmonic numbers involving certain reciprocals are evaluated. Products of such reciprocals are expanded in a sum of the individual reciprocals, leading to a computer program. A list of examples is provided.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-08 Maarten Kronenburg

We tackle three optimization problems in which a colored graph, where each node is assigned a color, must be partitioned into colorful connected components. A component is defined as colorful if each color appears at most once. The problems…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Claudia Archetti , Martina Cerulli , Carmine Sorgente

We extend a factorization due to Krein to arbitrary analytic functions from the upper half-plane to itself. The factorization represents every such function as a product of fractional linear factors times a function which, generally, has…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2012-05-08 Hari Bercovici , Dan Timotin

We present an algorithm to compute values L(s) and derivatives of L-functions of motivic origin numerically to required accuracy. Specifically, the method applies to any L-series whose Gamma-factor is a product of any number of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-23 Tim Dokchitser

We show that, for a certain class of partitions and an even number of variables of which half are reciprocals of the other half, Schur polynomials can be factorized into products of odd and even orthogonal characters. We also obtain related…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Arvind Ayyer , Roger E. Behrend

In this paper we consider the following question in the spirit of Ramsey theory: Given $x\in A^\omega,$ where $A$ is a finite non-empty set, does there exist a finite coloring of the non-empty factors of $x$ with the property that no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-26 Aldo de Luca , Elena V. Pribavkina , Luca Q. Zamboni

We determine explicit formulas for the number of representations of a positive integer $n$ by quaternary quadratic forms with coefficients $1$, $2$, $5$ or $10$. We use a modular forms approach.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-13 Ayşe Alaca , Mada Altiary