English
Related papers

Related papers: Why is a soap bubble like a railway?

200 papers

Living beings are able to solve a wide variety of problems that they encounter rarely or only once. Without the benefit of extensive and repeated experience with these problems, they can solve them in an ad-hoc manner. We call this capacity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Alex Baranski , Jun Tani

The hourglass is one of the apparatuses familiar to everyone, but reveals intriguing behaviors peculiar to granular materials, and many issues are remained to be explored. In this study, we examined the dynamics of falling sand in a special…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-01 Yui Yagisawa , Hui Zee Then , Ko Okumura

An edge (vertex) coloured graph is rainbow-connected if there is a rainbow path between any two vertices, i.e. a path all of whose edges (internal vertices) carry distinct colours. Rainbow edge (vertex) connectivity of a graph $G$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Nina Kamčev , Michael Krivelevich , Benny Sudakov

In multiple-question referendum elections, the separability problem occurs when a voter's preferences on some questions or proposals depend on the predicted outcomes of others. The notion of separability formalizes the study of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-08 Beth Bjorkman , Sean Gravelle , Jonathan Hodge

A pebbling move on a graph consists of taking two pebbles off of one vertex and placing one pebble on an adjacent vertex. In the traditional pebbling problem we try to reach a specified vertex of the graph by a sequence of pebbling moves.…

Cross-domain scientific synthesis requires connecting mechanistic explanations across fragmented literature, a capability that remains challenging for both retrieval-based systems and unconstrained language models. While recent work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Sauhard Dubey

We observe a subtle and apparently generally unnoticed difficulty with the definition of the relative topology on a subset of a topological space, and with the weak topology defined by a function.

General Topology · Mathematics 2018-02-14 Bruce Blackadar

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the construction of a linear operator, referred to as the bubble transform, which maps scalar functions defined on a bounded domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ into a collection of functions with local…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-12-06 Richard S. Falk , Ragnar Winther

Graph summarization is the problem of producing smaller graph representations of an input graph dataset, in such a way that the smaller compressed graphs capture relevant structural information for downstream tasks. There is a recent graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Sepideh Neshatfar , Abram Magner , Salimeh Yasaei Sekeh

Two dimensional layers of graphene are currently drawing a great attention in fundamental and applied nanoscience. Graphene consists of interconnected hexagons of carbon atoms as in graphite. This article presents for the first time the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-04-28 Raji Heyrovska

Motivated by the shape of transportation networks such as subways, we consider a distribution of points in the plane and ask for the network $G$ of given length $L$ that is optimal in a certain sense. In the general model, the optimality…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-05-22 David Aldous , Marc Barthelemy

Learning to use math in physics involves combining (blending) our everyday experiences and the conceptual ideas of physics with symbolic mathematical representations. Graphs are one of the best ways to learn to build the blend. They are a…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-03-20 Edward F. Redish

A subgraph is constructed by using a subset of vertices and edges of a given graph. There exist many graph properties that are hereditary for subgraphs. Hence, researchers from different communities have paid a great deal of attention in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Kai Siong Yow , Ningyi Liao , Siqiang Luo , Reynold Cheng , Chenhao Ma , Xiaolin Han

For various purposes and, in particular, in the context of data compression, a graph can be examined at three levels. Its structure can be described as the unlabeled version of the graph; then the labeling of its structure can be added; and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Yi Heng Lim , Katia Papakonstantinopoulou , Wojtek Szpankowski

A pebbling step on a graph consists of removing two pebbles from one vertex and placing one pebble on an adjacent vertex. A graph is said to be cover pebbled if every vertex has a pebble on it after a series of pebbling steps. The cover…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Maggy Tomova , Cindy Wyels

We introduce a reducibility on classes of structures, essentially a uniform enumeration reducibility. This reducibility is inspired by the Friedman-Stanley paper on using Borel reductions to compare classes of countable structures. This…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-03-25 Wesley Calvert , Desmond Cummins , Sara Miller , Julia F. Knight

A configuration of pebbles on the vertices of a graph is solvable if one can place a pebble on any given root vertex via a sequence of pebbling steps. A function is a pebbling threshold for a sequence of graphs if a randomly chosen…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrzej Czygrinow , Glenn Hurlbert

The Explainable Abstract Trains Dataset is an image dataset containing simplified representations of trains. It aims to provide a platform for the application and research of algorithms for justification and explanation extraction. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Manuel de Sousa Ribeiro , Ludwig Krippahl , Joao Leite

When coping with literary texts such as novels or short stories, the extraction of structured information in the form of a knowledge graph might be hindered by the huge number of possible relations between the entities corresponding to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Simone Mellace , K Vani , Alessandro Antonucci

We study the adjacency graph of bubbles---i.e., complementary connected components---of an SLE$_{\kappa}$ curve for $\kappa \in (4,8)$, with two such bubbles considered to be adjacent if their boundaries intersect. We show that this…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-13 Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer