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A graph is a data structure composed of dots (i.e. vertices) and lines (i.e. edges). The dots and lines of a graph can be organized into intricate arrangements. The ability for a graph to denote objects and their relationships to one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-07 Marko A. Rodriguez , Peter Neubauer

We simulate the quasi-static motion of a spherical particle through a stable, horizontal soap film. The soap film subtends a fixed contact angle, in the range $10-135^\circ$, where it meets the particle. The tension and pressure forces…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-11 S. J. Cox , I. T. Davies

In this paper, we study the formation process of a soap bubble by blowing soap film. Both bubble diameter and formation position were investigated in experiments. We found that the ratio between bubble size and soap film column is constant,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-12-01 Jun Su , Weiguo Wang , Peng Xu , Ding Gu , Yuhao Zhou

In train routing, the headway is the minimum distance that must be maintained between successive trains for safety and robustness. We introduce a model for train routing that requires a fixed headway to be maintained between trains, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Umang Bhaskar , Katharina Eickhoff , Lennart Kauther , Jannik Matuschke , Britta Peis , Laura Vargas Koch

We demonstrate experimentally that the introduction of a rail, a small height constriction, within the cross-section of a rectangular channel could be used as a robust passive sorting device in two-phase fluid flows. Single air bubbles…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-12-06 A. Franco-Gomez , A. B. Thompson , A. L. Hazel , A. Juel

Graph convolutions have gained popularity due to their ability to efficiently operate on data with an irregular geometric structure. However, graph convolutions cause over-smoothing, which refers to representations becoming more similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Andreas Roth

The pebble-motion on graphs is a subcategory of multi-agent pathfinding problems dealing with moving multiple pebble-like objects from a node to a node in a graph with a constraint that only one pebble can occupy one node at a given time.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Miroslav Kulich , Tomáš Novák , Libor Přeucil

The mathematical study of the small-world concept has fostered quite some interest, showing that small-world features can be identified for some abstract classes of networks. However, passing to real complex systems, as for instance…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Vito Latora , Massimo Marchiori

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how topology and geometry provide, in many instances, the connective tissue that enables logical comprehension. We illustrate this theme with many examples including Venn diagrams, knot diagrams,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-08-26 Louis H. Kauffman

Graph is a universe data structure that is widely used to organize data in real-world. Various real-word networks like the transportation network, social and academic network can be represented by graphs. Recent years have witnessed the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Xueyi Liu , Jie Tang

Modern machine learning models are opaque, and as a result there is a burgeoning academic subfield on methods that explain these models' behavior. However, what is the precise goal of providing such explanations, and how can we demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Patrick Fernandes , Marcos Treviso , Danish Pruthi , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

Soap bubbles and foams have been extensively studied by scientists, engineers, and mathematicians as models for organisms and materials, with applications ranging from extinguishing fires to mining to baking bread. Here we provide some…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Frank Morgan

A zigzag in a plane graph is a circuit of edges, such that any two, but no three, consecutive edges belong to the same face. A railroad in a plane graph is a circuit of hexagonal faces, such that any hexagon is adjacent to its neighbors on…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Deza , M. Dutour

We consider the abstract relational reasoning task, which is commonly used as an intelligence test. Since some patterns have spatial rationales, while others are only semantic, we propose a multi-scale architecture that processes each query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Yaniv Benny , Niv Pekar , Lior Wolf

Straining graphene results in the appearance of a pseudo-magnetic field which alters its local electronic properties. Applying a pressure difference between the two sides of the membrane causes it to bend/bulge resulting in a resistance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-08-03 S. P. Milovanovic , M. Z. Tadic , F. M. Peeters

Graph pebbling models the transportation of consumable resources. As two pebbles move across an edge, one reaches its destination while the other is consumed. The $t$-pebbling number is the smallest integer $m$ so that any initially…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Liliana Alcón , Marisa Gutierrez , Glenn Hurlbert

A rainbow graph is a graph that admits a vertex-coloring such that every color appears exactly once in the neighborhood of each vertex. We investigate some properties of rainbow graphs. In particular, we show that there is a bijection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Suho Oh , Hwanchul Yoo , Taedong Yun

A ravel is a spatial graph which is non-planar but contains no non-trivial knots or links. We characterize when a Montesinos tangle can become a ravel as the result of vertex closure with and without replacing some number of crossings by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-10-31 Erica Flapan , Allison N. Miller

Inspired by artistic practices such as beadwork and himmeli, we study the problem of threading a single string through a set of tubes, so that pulling the string forms a desired graph. More precisely, given a connected graph (where edges…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Erik D. Demaine , Yael Kirkpatrick , Rebecca Lin

We introduce a new concept of a subgraph class called a superbubble for analyzing assembly graphs, and propose an efficient algorithm for detecting it. Most assembly algorithms utilize assembly graphs like the de Bruijn graph or the overlap…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-02 Taku Onodera , Kunihiko Sadakane , Tetsuo Shibuya