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Equations of divergence type in static spacetimes play a significant role in the proof of uniqueness theorems of black holes. We generalize the divergence equation originally discovered by Robinson in four dimensional vacuum spacetimes into…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-08 Masato Nozawa , Tetsuya Shiromizu , Keisuke Izumi , Sumio Yamada

We present a review of the two prominent singularity theorems due to Penrose and Hawking, as well as their physical interpretation. Their usage is discussed in detail for the Schwarzschild spacetime with positive and negative mass. First,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-31 Servando V. Serdio , Hernando Quevedo

We prove the uniqueness theorem for asymptotically flat static vacuum black hole solutions in higher dimensional space-times. We also construct infinitely many non-asymptotically flat regular static black holes on the same spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Gary W. Gibbons , Daisuke Ida , Tetsuya Shiromizu

An extension of Penrose's singularity theorem is proved for spacetimes where black holes are allowed to form from non-singular initial data. With standard assumptions about the spacetime, and assuming the existence of a trapped surface…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-26 Alexander Vilenkin , Aron C. Wall

Numerical arguments are presented for the existence of regular and black hole solutions of the Einstein-Skyrme equations with a positive cosmological constant. These classical configurations approach asymptotically the de Sitter spacetime.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Y. Brihaye , T. Delsate

For arbitrary static space-times, it is shown that an equilibrium between a Killing horizon and matter is only possible for some discrete values of the parameter $w = p_1/\rho$, where $\rho$ is the density and $p_1$ is pressure in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-14 K. A. Bronnikov , O. B. Zaslavskii

The recent holographic deduction of Penrose inequality only assumes null energy condition while the weak or dominant energy condition is required in usual geometric proof. This paper makes a step toward filling up gap between these two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-01 Zi-Qing Xiao , Run-Qiu Yang

For asymptotically flat spacetimes the Penrose inequality gives an initial data test for the weak cosmic censorship hypothesis. We give a formulation of this inequality for asymptotically anti-deSitter (AAdS) spacetimes, and show that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-06 Viqar Husain , Suprit Singh

We show that asymptotically de Sitter black holes of negative mass can exist in Lovelock gravity. Such black holes have horizon geometries with non-constant curvature and are known as Exotic Black Holes. We explicitly examine the case of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-29 Brayden R. Hull , Robert B. Mann

In arXiv:0905.2622v1 and arXiv:0910.4785v1, Bray and Khuri outlined an approach to prove the Penrose inequality for general initial data sets of the Einstein equations. In this paper we extend this approach so that it may be applied to a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-17 Marcelo M. Disconzi , Marcus A. Khuri

The classical Penrose inequality, a relation between the ADM mass and the area of any cross section of the black hole event horizon, was introduced as a test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture: if it fails, the trapped surface is not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-27 Eduardo Hafemann , Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

The Penrose-Gibbons inequality for charged black holes is proved in spherical symmetry, assuming that outside the black hole there are no current sources, meaning that the charge e is constant, with the remaining fields satisfying the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Sean A. Hayward

Static, spherically symmetric solutions of the field equations for a particular dimensional continuation of general relativity with negative cosmological constant are found. In even dimensions the solution has many similarities with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Maximo Banados

We construct the first four-dimensional multi-black hole solution of general relativity with a positive cosmological constant. The solution consists of two static black holes whose gravitational attraction is balanced by the cosmic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-04 Oscar J. C. Dias , Gary W. Gibbons , Jorge E. Santos , Benson Way

The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem demonstrates the utterly inevitable and unavoidable formation of spacetime singularities under physically reasonable assumptions, and it remains one of the main results in our understanding of black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-29 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Francesco Di Filippo , Stefano Liberati , Matt Visser

We examine potential deformations of inner black hole and cosmological horizons in Reissner-Nordstr\"om de-Sitter spacetimes. While the rigidity of the outer black hole horizon is guaranteed by theorem, that theorem applies to neither the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-16 Ivan Booth , Hari K. Kunduri , Anna O'Grady

In this paper we revisit Brill's proof of positive mass for three-dimensional, time-symmetric, axisymmetric initial data and generalise his argument in various directions. In 3+1 dimensions, we include an apparent horizon in the initial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-07 G. W. Gibbons , G. Holzegel

We establish a new criterion for the dynamical stability of black holes in $D \geq 4$ spacetime dimensions in general relativity with respect to axisymmetric perturbations: Dynamical stability is equivalent to the positivity of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Stefan Hollands , Robert M. Wald

We prove a uniqueness theorem for asymptotically flat static charged dilaton black hole solutions in higher dimensional space-times. We also construct infinitely many non-asymptotically flat regular static black holes on the same space-time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 Gary W. Gibbons , Daisuke Ida , Tetsuya Shiromizu

We present different proofs of the uniqueness of 4-dimensional static vacuum asymptotically flat spacetimes containing a connected equipotential photon surface or in particular a connected photon sphere. We do not assume that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-06 Carla Cederbaum , Albachiara Cogo , Axel Fehrenbach