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Assurance 2.0 is a modern framework developed to address the assurance challenges of increasingly complex, adaptive, and autonomous systems. Building on the traditional Claims-Argument-Evidence (CAE) model, it introduces reusable assurance…

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are increasingly deployed in real traffic, yet testing remains fundamentally challenging due to open environments, complex scenarios, and the lack of established processes and metrics. Despite extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qunying Song , Ali Nouri , Håkan Sivencrona , Federica Sarro

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology is advancing rapidly, promising a significant shift in road transportation safety and potentially resolving various complex transportation issues. With the increasing deployment of AVs by various…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Ahmed Abdelrahman

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly rec ognized as essential for deploying machine learning systems in safety critical environments. In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), where models operate on image, video, radar,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Muench , Dimitri Bulatov , Michael Arens

Autonomous driving has shown great potential to reform modern transportation. Yet its reliability and safety have drawn a lot of attention and concerns. Compared with traditional software systems, autonomous driving systems (ADSs) often use…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Guannan Lou , Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Mengshi Zhang , Tianyi Zhang

Autonomous vehicles often make complex decisions via machine learning-based predictive models applied to collected sensor data. While this combination of methods provides a foundation for real-time actions, self-driving behavior primarily…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Randy Goebel

With the increasing need for safe control in the domain of autonomous driving, model-based safety-critical control approaches are widely used, especially Control Barrier Function (CBF)-based approaches. Among them, Exponential CBF (eCBF) is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Spencer Van Koevering , Yiwei Lyu , Wenhao Luo , John Dolan

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

Despite the increasing testing operations of automated vehicles on public roads, media reports on incidents show that safety issues caused by automated driving systems persist to this day. Manufacturers face high development uncertainty…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Marvin Loba , Nayel Fabian Salem , Marcus Nolte , Andreas Dotzler , Dieter Ludwig , Markus Maurer

With recent advances in learning algorithms and hardware development, autonomous cars have shown promise when operating in structured environments under good driving conditions. However, for complex, cluttered and unseen environments with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Junyao Guo , Unmesh Kurup , Mohak Shah

If public trust is lost in a new technology early in its life cycle it can take much more time for the benefits of that technology to be realised. Eventually tens-of-millions of people will collectively have the power to determine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jonathan Smith , Siddartha Khastgir

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to significantly revolutionize society by providing a secure and efficient mode of transportation. Recent years have witnessed notable advancements in autonomous driving perception and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Di Chen , Meixin Zhu , Hao Yang , Xuesong Wang , Yinhai Wang

While recent developments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology highlight substantial progress, we lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de facto}$ evaluation environment, places the public in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha , Hongseok Namkoong , John Duchi , Russ Tedrake

With the growing technological advances in autonomous driving, the transport industry and research community seek to determine the impact that autonomous vehicles (AV) will have on consumers, as well as identify the different factors that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Walter Morales Alvarez , Nikita Smirnov , Elmar Matthes , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

While autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has shown substantial progress, we still lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de-facto}$ evaluation method, is dangerous to the public. Moreover, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Justin Norden , Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha

Automated Vehicles (AVs) hold promise for revolutionizing transportation by improving road safety, traffic efficiency, and overall mobility. Despite the steady advancement in high-level AVs in recent years, the transition to full automation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yongqi Dong , Bart van Arem , Haneen Farah

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) redefine transportation with sophisticated technology, integrating sensors, cameras, and intricate algorithms. Implementing machine learning in AV perception demands robust hardware accelerators to achieve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Ruba Islayem , Fatima Alhosani , Raghad Hashem , Afra Alzaabi , Mahmoud Meribout

The end-to-end learning pipeline is gradually creating a paradigm shift in the ongoing development of highly autonomous vehicles (AVs), largely due to advances in deep learning, the availability of large-scale training datasets, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Randy Goebel

Building effective, enjoyable, and safe autonomous vehicles is a lot harder than has historically been considered. The reason is that, simply put, an autonomous vehicle must interact with human beings. This interaction is not a robotics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Lex Fridman

Background: Due to their diversity, complexity, and above all importance, safety-critical and dependable systems must be developed with special diligence. Criticality increases as these systems likely contain artificial intelligence (AI)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Amra Ramic , Stefan Kugele