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We discuss the implementation of lattice gauge theories on digital quantum computers, focusing primarily on the number of quantum gates required to simulate their time evolution. We find that to compile quantum circuits, using available…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-11-23 Edison M. Murairi , Michael J. Cervia , Hersh Kumar , Paulo F. Bedaque , Andrei Alexandru

Quantum simulations of many-body systems offer novel methods for probing the dynamics of the Standard Model and its constituent gauge theories. Extracting low-energy predictions from such simulations rely on formulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Henry Froland , Dorota M. Grabowska , Zhiyao Li

Simulating non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems, including thermalization, is a promising application of near-term and future quantum computation. By performing experiments on a digital quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-19 Niklas Mueller , Tianyi Wang , Or Katz , Zohreh Davoudi , Marko Cetina

In this work, we design a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) suitable for investigating ground states and static string breaking in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory (LGT). We consider a two-leg ladder lattice coupled to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Fariha Azad , Matteo Inajetovic , Stefan Kühn , Anna Pappa

Compact lattice Quantum Electrodynamics is a complex quantum field theory with dynamical gauge and matter fields and it has similarities with Quantum Chromodynamics, in particular asymptotic freedom and confinement. We consider a…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-12-11 Arianna Crippa , Karl Jansen , Enrico Rinaldi

The quantum link~\cite{Brower:1997ha} Hamiltonian was introduced two decades ago as an alternative to Wilson's Euclidean lattice QCD with gauge fields represented by bi-linear fermion/anti-fermion operators. When generalized this new…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2020-02-25 Richard C. Brower , David Berenstein , Hiroki Kawai

Lattice gauge theories are a fascinating and rich class of theories relating to the most fundamental models of particle physics, and as experimental control on the quantum level increases there is a growing interest in non-equilibrium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Simon Panyella Pedersen , Nikolaj Thomas Zinner

We present a detailed scheme for the analog quantum simulation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theories in crystals of trapped ions, which exploits a more efficient hybrid encoding of the gauge and matter fields using the native internal and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 O. Băzăvan , S. Saner , E. Tirrito , G. Araneda , R. Srinivas , A. Bermudez

The properties of strongly-coupled lattice gauge theories at finite density as well as in real time have largely eluded first-principles studies on the lattice. This is due to the failure of importance sampling for systems with a complex…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-08-20 Michael Fromm , Owe Philipsen , Michael Spannowsky , Christopher Winterowd

Scattering processes are fundamental for understanding the structure of matter, yet simulating their real-time dynamics remains challenging for classical computers. Quantum computing and quantum-inspired methods offer a promising avenue for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Yahui Chai , Yibin Guo , Stefan Kühn

Simulating the real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories, underlying the Standard Model of particle physics, is a notoriously difficult problem where quantum simulators can provide a practical advantage over classical approaches. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Torsten V. Zache , Daniel González-Cuadra , Peter Zoller

We propose a protocol for the scalable quantum simulation of SU($N$)$\times$U(1) lattice gauge theories with alkaline-earth like atoms in optical lattices in both one- and two-dimensional systems. The protocol exploits the combination of…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-05-27 Federica Maria Surace , Pierre Fromholz , Francesco Scazza , Marcello Dalmonte

The exploration of phase diagrams of strongly interacting gauge theories coupled to matter in lower dimensions promises the identification of exotic phases and possible new universality classes, and it facilitates a better understanding of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-08-17 Tomohiro Hashizume , Jad C. Halimeh , Philipp Hauke , Debasish Banerjee

We present a digital quantum computation of two-hadron scattering in a $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions. We prepare well-separated single-particle wave packets with desired momentum-space wavefunctions, and simulate their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Zohreh Davoudi , Chung-Chun Hsieh , Saurabh V. Kadam

Simulating lattice gauge theories on quantum computers presents unique challenges that drive the development of novel theoretical frameworks. The orbifold lattice approach offers a scalable method for simulating SU($N$) gauge theories in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-04-07 Emanuele Mendicelli , Georg Bergner , Masanori Hanada

We show how to implement a Rydberg-atom quantum simulator to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of an Abelian (1+1)-D lattice gauge theory. The implementation locally codifies the degrees of freedom of a $\mathbf{Z}_3$ gauge field, once the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-03-18 Simone Notarnicola , Mario Collura , Simone Montangero

Quantum simulations of high-energy physics in $2+1$D can probe dynamical phenomena nonexistent in one spatial dimension and access regimes that are challenging for existing classical simulation methods. For string dynamics -- relevant to…

We present a quantum computational framework for SU(2) lattice gauge theory, leveraging continuous variables instead of discrete qubits to represent the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of the gauge fields. We consider a ladder as well as…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-06-24 Victor Ale , Nora M. Bauer , Raghav G. Jha , Felix Ringer , George Siopsis

In the present work, we propose a scheme for digital formulation of lattice gauge theories with dynamical fermions in 3+1 dimensions. All interactions are obtained as a stroboscopic sequence of two-body interactions with an auxiliary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 Julian Bender , Erez Zohar , Alessandro Farace , J. Ignacio Cirac

The study of real-time evolution of lattice quantum field theories using classical computers is known to scale exponentially with the number of lattice sites. Due to a fundamentally different computational strategy, quantum computers hold…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-22 Christopher Kane , Dorota M. Grabowska , Benjamin Nachman , Christian W. Bauer