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The Wasserstein distance received a lot of attention recently in the community of machine learning, especially for its principled way of comparing distributions. It has found numerous applications in several hard problems, such as domain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-23 Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Mélanie Ducoffe

Traditional multi-view learning methods often rely on two assumptions: ($i$) the samples in different views are well-aligned, and ($ii$) their representations in latent space obey the same distribution. Unfortunately, these two assumptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Dixin Luo , Hongteng Xu , Lawrence Carin

We propose a new formulation and learning strategy for computing the Wasserstein geodesic between two probability distributions in high dimensions. By applying the method of Lagrange multipliers to the dynamic formulation of the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Shu Liu , Shaojun Ma , Yongxin Chen , Hongyuan Zha , Haomin Zhou

Optimal Transport (OT) is a resource allocation problem with applications in biology, data science, economics and statistics, among others. In some of the applications, practitioners have access to samples which approximate the continuous…

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are one of the most practical methods for learning data distributions. A popular GAN formulation is based on the use of Wasserstein distance as a metric between probability distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Maziar Sanjabi , Jimmy Ba , Meisam Razaviyayn , Jason D. Lee

The problem of learning functions over spaces of probabilities - or distribution regression - is gaining significant interest in the machine learning community. A key challenge behind this problem is to identify a suitable representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Dimitri Meunier , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

Optimal transportation, or computing the Wasserstein or ``earth mover's'' distance between two distributions, is a fundamental primitive which arises in many learning and statistical settings. We give an algorithm which solves this problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Arun Jambulapati , Aaron Sidford , Kevin Tian

Variational problems that involve Wasserstein distances and more generally optimal transport (OT) theory are playing an increasingly important role in data sciences. Such problems can be used to form an examplar measure out of various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Marco Cuturi , Gabriel Peyré

Optimal transportation theory and the related $p$-Wasserstein distance ($W_p$, $p\geq 1$) are widely-applied in statistics and machine learning. In spite of their popularity, inference based on these tools has some issues. For instance, it…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Yiming Ma , Hang Liu , Davide La Vecchia , Metthieu Lerasle

Cross-domain alignment between two sets of entities (e.g., objects in an image, words in a sentence) is fundamental to both computer vision and natural language processing. Existing methods mainly focus on designing advanced attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Liqun Chen , Zhe Gan , Yu Cheng , Linjie Li , Lawrence Carin , Jingjing Liu

Optimal transport (OT) measures distances between distributions in a way that depends on the geometry of the sample space. In light of recent advances in computational OT, OT distances are widely used as loss functions in machine learning.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-22 Debarghya Mukherjee , Aritra Guha , Justin Solomon , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

Computing optimal transport (OT) for general high-dimensional data has been a long-standing challenge. Despite much progress, most of the efforts including neural network methods have been focused on the static formulation of the OT…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Within a broad class of generative adversarial networks, we show that discriminator optimization process increases a lower bound of the dual cost function for the Wasserstein distance between the target distribution $p$ and the generator…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-09 Akinori Tanaka

With the discovery of Wasserstein GANs, Optimal Transport (OT) has become a powerful tool for large-scale generative modeling tasks. In these tasks, OT cost is typically used as the loss for training GANs. In contrast to this approach, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Litu Rout , Alexander Korotin , Evgeny Burnaev

Optimal transport (OT), and in particular the Wasserstein distance, has seen a surge of interest and applications in machine learning. However, empirical approximation under Wasserstein distances suffers from a severe curse of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald

We formulate and solve a regression problem with time-stamped distributional data. Distributions are considered as points in the Wasserstein space of probability measures, metrized by the 2-Wasserstein metric, and may represent images,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-30 Amirhossein Karimi , Tryphon T. Georgiou

Optimal Transport, a theory for optimal allocation of resources, is widely used in various fields such as astrophysics, machine learning, and imaging science. However, many applications impose elementwise constraints on the transport plan…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Zixuan Cang , Qing Nie , Yanxiang Zhao

Optimal transport (OT) is a widely used technique in machine learning, graphics, and vision that aligns two distributions or datasets using their relative geometry. In symmetry-rich settings, however, OT alignments based solely on pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Annabel Ma , Kaiying Hou , David Alvarez-Melis , Melanie Weber

Optimal Transport (OT) has recently emerged as a central tool in data sciences to compare in a geometrically faithful way point clouds and more generally probability distributions. The wide adoption of OT into existing data analysis and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-18 Thibault Séjourné , Gabriel Peyré , François-Xavier Vialard