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For security and privacy management and enforcement purposes, various policy languages have been presented. We give an overview on 27 security and privacy policy languages and present a categorization framework for policy languages. We show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Saffija Kasem-Madani , Michael Meier

As Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into everyday life, AI-powered chatbot mobile applications are increasingly adopted across industries, particularly in the healthcare domain. These chatbots offer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ramazan Yener , Guan-Hung Chen , Ece Gumusel , Masooda Bashir

Users interacting with large language models (LLMs) under their real identifiers often unknowingly risk disclosing private information. Automatically notifying users whether their queries leak privacy and which phrases leak what private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hang Zeng , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Shaojie Tang , Guihai Chen

Privacy policies are the main way to obtain information related to personal data collection and processing. Originally, privacy policies were presented as textual documents. However, the unsuitability of this format for the needs of today's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Victor Morel , Raúl Pardo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into daily life through conversational interfaces, processing user data via natural language inputs and exhibiting advanced reasoning capabilities, which raises new concerns about…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhuoyang Li , Yanlai Wu , Yao Li , Xinning Gui , Yuhan Luo

In the fight against tax evaders and other cheats, governments seek to gather more information about their citizens. In this paper we claim that this increased transparency, combined with ineptitude, or corruption, can lead to widespread…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Zacharias Tzermias , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Sotiris Ioannidis , Vassilis Prevelakis

In modern information systems different information features, about the same individual, are often collected and managed by autonomous data collection services that may have different privacy policies. Answering many end-users' legitimate…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Mahmoud Barhamgi , Charith Perera , Chia-Mu Yu , Djamal Benslimane , David Camacho , Christine Bonnet

Transparency and data portability are two core principles of modern privacy legislations such as the GDPR. From the regulatory perspective, providing individuals (data subjects) with access to their data is a main building block for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Nicola Leschke , Florian Kirsten , Frank Pallas , Elias Grünewald

This paper explores tracking and privacy risks on pornography websites. Our analysis of 22,484 pornography websites indicated that 93% leak user data to a third party. Tracking on these sites is highly concentrated by a handful of major…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Elena Maris , Timothy Libert , Jennifer Henrichsen

This literature review evaluates privacy-by-design frameworks, tools, and policies intended to protect youth in AI-enabled smart devices using a PRISMA-guided workflow. Sources from major academic and grey-literature repositories from the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Molly Campbell , Mohamad Sheikho Al Jasem , Ajay Kumar Shrestha

This article investigates privacy risks to those visiting health- related web pages. The population of pages analyzed is derived from the 50 top search results for 1,986 common diseases. This yielded a total population of 80,124 unique…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Tim Libert

Introduction: The use of chatbots is becoming increasingly important across various aspects of daily life. However, the privacy concerns associated with these communications have not yet been thoroughly addressed. The aim of this study was…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Julia Ive , Vishal Yadav , Mariia Ignashina , Matthew Rand , Paulina Bondaronek

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants European users the right to access their data processed and stored by organizations. Although the GDPR contains requirements for data processing organizations (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Daniela Pöhn , Nils Gruschka

The application of graph analytics to various domains has yielded tremendous societal and economical benefits in recent years. However, the increasingly widespread adoption of graph analytics comes with a commensurate increase in the need…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yang Li , Michael Purcell , Thierry Rakotoarivelo , David Smith , Thilina Ranbaduge , Kee Siong Ng

GitHub provides developers with a practical way to distribute source code and collaboratively work on common projects. To enhance account security and privacy, GitHub allows its users to manage access permissions, review audit logs, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Costanza Alfieri , Juri Di Rocco , Paola Inverardi , Phuong T. Nguyen

This article explores the gaps that can manifest when using a large language model (LLM) to obtain simplified interpretations of data practices from a complex privacy policy. We exemplify these gaps to showcase issues in accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rinku Dewri

With the widespread application of large language models (LLMs), user privacy protection has become a significant research topic. Existing privacy preference modeling methods often rely on large-scale user data, making effective privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Haowei Yang , Qingyi Lu , Yang Wang , Sibei Liu , Jiayun Zheng , Ao Xiang

Informed consent has become increasingly salient for data privacy and its regulation. Entities from governments to for-profit companies have addressed concerns about data privacy with policies that enumerate the conditions for personal data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Chinmaya Dabral , Emma Tosch , Chris Martens

A surge in data-driven applications enhances everyday life but also raises serious concerns about private information leakage. Hence many privacy auditing tools are emerging for checking if the data sanitization performed meets the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shiming Wang , Liyao Xiang , Bowei Cheng , Zhe Ji , Tianran Sun , Xinbing Wang

Conversational assistants process personal data and must comply with data protection regulations that require providers to be transparent with users about how their data is handled. Transparency, in a legal sense, demands preciseness,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Anna Leschanowsky , Farnaz Salamatjoo , Zahra Kolagar , Birgit Popp