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Neural networks deliver impressive predictive performance across a variety of tasks, but they are often opaque in their decision-making processes. Despite a growing interest in mechanistic interpretability, tools for systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ricardo Knauer , Andre Beinrucker , Erik Rodner

Interpretability is crucial to enhance trust in machine learning models for medical diagnostics. However, most state-of-the-art image classifiers based on neural networks are not interpretable. As a result, clinicians often resort to known…

We present a framework for efficient perceptual inference that explicitly reasons about the segmentation of its inputs and features. Rather than being trained for any specific segmentation, our framework learns the grouping process in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Klaus Greff , Antti Rasmus , Mathias Berglund , Tele Hotloo Hao , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Harri Valpola

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) draw their strength from explicitly modeling the topological information of structured data. However, existing GNNs suffer from limited capability in capturing the hierarchical graph representation which plays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jinyu Yang , Peilin Zhao , Yu Rong , Chaochao Yan , Chunyuan Li , Hehuan Ma , Junzhou Huang

We propose ProtoArgNet, a novel interpretable deep neural architecture for image classification in the spirit of prototypical-part-learning as found, e.g., in ProtoPNet. While earlier approaches associate every class with multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hamed Ayoobi , Nico Potyka , Francesca Toni

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are highly effective on a variety of graph-related tasks; however, they lack interpretability and transparency. Current explainability approaches are typically local and treat GNNs as black-boxes. They do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Han Xuanyuan , Pietro Barbiero , Dobrik Georgiev , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Lió

Interpretability is an important aspect of the trustworthiness of a model's predictions. Transformer's predictions are widely explained by the attention weights, i.e., a probability distribution generated at its self-attention unit (head).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Navonil Majumder , Soujanya Poria , Eduard Hovy

Capsule networks (CapsNets) have recently shown promise to excel in most computer vision tasks, especially pertaining to scene understanding. In this paper, we explore CapsNet's capabilities in optical flow estimation, a task at which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Vinoj Jayasundara , Debaditya Roy , Basura Fernando

Representation learning is the foundation for the recent success of neural network models. However, the distributed representations generated by neural networks are far from ideal. Due to their highly entangled nature, they are di cult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-09 William Whitney

Traditional tabular classifiers provide explainable decision-making with interpretable features(concepts). However, using their explainability in vision tasks has been limited due to the pixel representation of images. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Youngjae Song , Sung Kuk Shyn , Kwang-su Kim

End-to-end deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various domains but are often criticized for their lack of interpretability. While post hoc explanation methods attempt to address this issue, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weixin Chen , Simon Yu , Huajie Shao , Lui Sha , Han Zhao

Lung diseases including infections such as Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), together with Lung Cancer are significantly widespread and are, typically, considered life threatening. In particular, lung cancer is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-17 Parnian Afshar , Farnoosh Naderkhani , Anastasia Oikonomou , Moezedin Javad Rafiee , Arash Mohammadi , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

Capsule Networks (CapsNets), recently proposed by the Google Brain team, have superior learning capabilities in machine learning tasks, like image classification, compared to the traditional CNNs. However, CapsNets require extremely intense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Alberto Marchisio , Beatrice Bussolino , Alessio Colucci , Maurizio Martina , Guido Masera , Muhammad Shafique

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully used in a range of tasks. However, CNNs are often viewed as "black-box" and lack of interpretability. One main reason is due to the filter-class entanglement -- an intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Haoyu Liang , Zhihao Ouyang , Yuyuan Zeng , Hang Su , Zihao He , Shu-Tao Xia , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Deep Neural Networks are often brittle on image classification tasks and known to misclassify inputs. While these misclassifications may be inevitable, all failure modes cannot be considered equal. Certain misclassifications (eg.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Alberto Olmo , Sailik Sengupta , Subbarao Kambhampati

Medical image segmentation has been so far achieving promising results with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, it is arguable that in traditional CNNs, its pooling layer tends to discard important information such as positions.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-12 Tan Nguyen , Binh-Son Hua , Ngan Le

In safety-critical applications, practitioners are reluctant to trust neural networks when no interpretable explanations are available. Many attempts to provide such explanations revolve around pixel-based attributions or use previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Armeen Taeb , Nicolo Ruggeri , Carina Schnuck , Fanny Yang

Mechanistic interpretability is concerned with analyzing individual components in a (convolutional) neural network (CNN) and how they form larger circuits representing decision mechanisms. These investigations are challenging since CNNs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Robin Hesse , Jonas Fischer , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

In this paper, a simple topology of Capsule Network (CapsNet) is investigated for the problem of image colorization. The generative and segmentation capabilities of the original CapsNet topology, which is proposed for image classification…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-23 Gökhan Özbulak

Classification is an important goal in many branches of mathematics. The idea is to describe the members of some class of mathematical objects, up to isomorphism or other important equivalence in terms of relatively simple invariants. Where…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-03-25 Wesley Calvert , Julia F. Knight