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The expression of causality depends on an underlying choice of chronology. Since a chronology is provided by any Lorentzian metric in relativistic theories, there are as many expressions of causality as there are non-conformally related…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jean-Philippe Bruneton

We demonstrate that temporal observables, which are sensitive to a system's history (as opposed to its state), implicate entangled histories. We exemplify protocols for measuring such observables, and algorithms for predicting the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-21 Jordan Cotler , Frank Wilczek

While adhering to the formalism of Special and General Relativity, this paper considers the interpretation of clock rates and the rating of clocks in detail. We also pay particular attention to the crucial requirement of reciprocity between…

General Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Barrie Tonkinson

Backflow is a counter-intuitive phenomenon in which a forward propagating quantum particle propagates locally backwards. The actual counter-propagation property associated with this delicate interference phenomenon has not been observed to…

Optics · Physics 2018-11-26 Yaniv Eliezer , Thomas Zacharias , Alon Bahabad

In this paper we treat the so called clock paradox in an analytical way by assuming that a constant and uniform force F of finite magnitude acts continuously on the moving clock along the direction of its motion assumed to be rectilinear.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lorenzo Iorio

We consider gravitational time dilation between stationary observers and present examples, which contradict the statement that "time slows down as gravity increases". We show furthermore that this statement cannot be true in general, if…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-25 Andrzej Okolow

The principle of invariance of the velocity of light is only valid for the wrong measurements of inertial observers who ignore their own movement and consider themselves at rest. The Langevin (or clock) paradox arises when it is assumed…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-03-17 A. Lopez-Ramos

We argue against current proposals concerning the non-existence of time. We point out that a large number of these proposals rely, at least implicitly, on the assumption of `closure' (or `partial closure') of the laws of Physics. I.e. the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-29 Reza Tavakol , Edward Anderson

Consider the scenario, in which human civilization undergoes periodic eras of progression and regression, and consequently, changes in cosmological knowledge are cyclic. There exist solutions of general theory of relativity, such as the…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Moninder Singh Modgil

The Einstein equations allow solutions containing closed timelike curves. These have generated much puzzlement and suspicion that they could imply paradoxes. I show that puzzlement and paradoxes disappears if we discuss carefully the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-12 Carlo Rovelli

Lagrangian particles in turbulence separate away from each other faster in the backward in time direction as compared to forward in time. In this work, we show that time irreversibility is kinematically rooted in the fact that, when viewed…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-20 Ron Shnapp

The conventional explanation of delayed-choice experiments appears to violate our causal intuition at the quantum level. I reanalyze these experiments using time-reversed and time-symmetric formulations of quantum mechanics. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Michael B. Heaney

In a recent paper, I argued against backward in time effects used by several authors to explain delayed choice experiments. I gave an explanation showing that there is no physical influence propagating from the present to the past and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Hervé Zwirn

Modern approaches to causal modeling give a central role to interventions, which require the active input of an observer and introduces an explicit `causal arrow of time'. Causal models typically adopt a mechanistic interpretation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-23 Jacques Pienaar

The theory of general relativity predicts the existence of closed time-like curves (CTCs), which theoretically would allow an observer to travel back in time and interact with their past self. This raises the question of whether this could…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Germain Tobar , Fabio Costa

In general relativity, the picture of spacetime assigns an ideal clock to each worldline. Being ideal, gravitational effects due to these clocks are ignored and the flow of time according to one clock is not affected by the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-09 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Časlav Brukner

A fundamental description of time can be consistent not only with the usual monotonic behavior but also with a periodic physical clock variable, coupled to the degrees of freedom of a system evolving in time. Generically, one would in fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Martin Bojowald , Luiz Martinez , Garrett Wendel

The causal structure of space-time offers a natural notion of an opposite or orthogonal in the logical sense, where the opposite of a set is formed by all points non time-like related with it. We show that for a general space-time the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-04 H. Casini

In this paper I suggest a possible explanation for the asymmetry of time. In the case that I study, the dynamical laws and the boundary conditions are symmetric, but the behavior of time is not. The underlying mechanism is statistical and…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-23 Martin Tamm

Time dilation is a difference in measured time between two clocks that either move with different velocities or experience different gravitational potentials. Both of these effects stem from the theory of relativity and are usually…

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