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The long-standing problem of spam and fraudulent messages in the comment sections of Instagram pages in the financial sector claims new victims every day. Instagram's current spam filter proves inadequate, and existing research approaches…

The spread of unwanted or malicious content through social media has become a major challenge. Traditional examples of this include social network spam, but an important new concern is the propagation of fake news through social media. A…

The popularity, cost-effectiveness and ease of information exchange that electronic mails offer to electronic device users has been plagued with the rising number of unsolicited or spam emails. Driven by the need to protect email users from…

Social medias are increasing their influence with the vast public information leading to their active use for marketing by the companies and organizations. Such marketing promotions are difficult to identify unlike the traditional medias…

Recommender system is an important component of many web services to help users locate items that match their interests. Several studies showed that recommender systems are vulnerable to poisoning attacks, in which an attacker injects fake…

As the popularity of content sharing websites such as YouTube and Flickr has increased, they have become targets for spam, phishing and the distribution of malware. On YouTube, the facility for users to post comments can be used by spam…

The lack of large realistic datasets presents a bottleneck in online deception detection studies. In this paper, we apply a data collection method based on social network analysis to quickly identify high-quality deceptive and truthful…

Online reviews significantly impact consumers' decision-making process and firms' economic outcomes and are widely seen as crucial to the success of online markets. Firms, therefore, have a strong incentive to manipulate ratings using fake…

Today, people use email services such as Gmail, Outlook, AOL Mail, etc. to communicate with each other as quickly as possible to send information and official letters. Spam or junk mail is a major challenge to this type of communication,…

Social networking websites face a constant barrage of spam, unwanted messages that distract, annoy, and even defraud honest users. These messages tend to be very short, making them difficult to identify in isolation. Furthermore, spammers…

Online reviews have become a valuable and significant resource, for not only consumers but companies, in decision making. In the absence of a trusted system, highly popular and trustworthy internet users will be assumed as members of the…

Spam messages continue to present significant challenges to digital users, cluttering inboxes and posing security risks. Traditional spam detection methods, including rules-based, collaborative, and machine learning approaches, struggle to…

When reading news articles on social networking services and news sites, readers can view comments marked by other people on these articles. By reading these comments, a reader can understand the public opinion about the news, and it is…

Due to popularity surge social networks became lucrative targets for spammers and guerilla marketers, who are trying to game ranking systems and broadcast their messages at little to none cost. Ranking systems, for example Twitter's Trends,…

Search engine became omnipresent means for ingoing to the web. Spamming Search engine is the technique to deceiving the ranking in search engine and it inflates the ranking. Web spammers have taken advantage of the vulnerability of link…

The explosive growth in fake news and its erosion to democracy, justice, and public trust has increased the demand for fake news detection and intervention. This survey reviews and evaluates methods that can detect fake news from four…

Like other social media websites, YouTube is not immune from the attention of spammers. In particular, evidence can be found of attempts to attract users to malicious third-party websites. As this type of spam is often associated with…

Social Media Platforms (SMPs) like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. have large user base all around the world that generates huge amount of data every second. This includes a lot of posts by fake and spam users, typically used by many…

Deep learning has revolutionized email filtering, which is critical to protect users from cyber threats such as spam, malware, and phishing. However, the increasing sophistication of adversarial attacks poses a significant challenge to the…

Nowadays, social media plays an important role in many fields, such as the promotion of measures against major infectious diseases, merchandising, etc. In social media, some people are known as opinion leaders due to their strong ability to…