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We consider the Modular Subset Sum problem: given a multiset $X$ of integers from $\mathbb{Z}_m$ and a target integer $t$, decide if there exists a subset of $X$ with a sum equal to $t \pmod{m}$. Recent independent works by Cardinal and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Krzysztof Potępa

We revisit the Subset Sum problem over the finite cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_m$ for some given integer $m$. A series of recent works has provided near-optimal algorithms for this problem under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. Koiliaris…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Kyriakos Axiotis , Arturs Backurs , Karl Bringmann , Ce Jin , Vasileios Nakos , Christos Tzamos , Hongxun Wu

Subset Sum is a classical optimization problem taught to undergraduates as an example of an NP-hard problem, which is amenable to dynamic programming, yielding polynomial running time if the input numbers are relatively small. Formally,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Konstantinos Koiliaris , Chao Xu

The Subset Sum problem asks whether a given set of $n$ positive integers contains a subset of elements that sum up to a given target $t$. It is an outstanding open question whether the $O^*(2^{n/2})$-time algorithm for Subset Sum by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Per Austrin , Mikko Koivisto , Petteri Kaski , Jesper Nederlof

In the field of algorithmic analysis, one of the more well-known exercises is the subset sum problem. That is, given a set of integers, determine whether one or more integers in the set can sum to a target value. Aside from the brute-force…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Daniel Shea

Given n positive integers, the Modular Subset Sum problem asks if a subset adds up to a given target t modulo a given integer m. This is a natural generalization of the Subset Sum problem (where m=+\infty) with ties to additive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Kyriakos Axiotis , Arturs Backurs , Christos Tzamos

Subset sum is a very old and fundamental problem in theoretical computer science. In this problem, $n$ items with weights $w_1, w_2, w_3, \ldots, w_n$ are given as input and the goal is to find out if there is a subset of them whose weights…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Hamed Saleh , Saeed Seddighin

The Subset Sum problem, which asks whether a set of $n$ integers has a subset summing to a target $t$, is a fundamental NP-complete problem in cryptography and combinatorial optimization. The classical meet-in-the-middle (MIM) algorithm of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jesus Salas

Subset-Sum is an NP-complete problem where one must decide if a multiset of $n$ integers contains a subset whose elements sum to a target value $m$. The best-known classical and quantum algorithms run in time $\tilde{O}(2^{n/2})$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Jonathan Allcock , Yassine Hamoudi , Antoine Joux , Felix Klingelhöfer , Miklos Santha

The Erd\H{o}s-Ginzburg-Ziv theorem states that every sequence of 2n - 1 integers contains a subsequence of length n whose sum is divisible by n. Choi, Kang, and Lim gave a simple deterministic O(n log n) algorithm for finding such a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sunghyeon Jo

Given a set (or multiset) S of n numbers and a target number t, the subset sum problem is to decide if there is a subset of S that sums up to t. There are several methods for solving this problem, including exhaustive search,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Zhengjun Cao , Lihua Liu

Given $(a_1, \dots, a_n, t) \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^{n + 1}$, the Subset Sum problem ($\mathsf{SSUM}$) is to decide whether there exists $S \subseteq [n]$ such that $\sum_{i \in S} a_i = t$. There is a close variant of the $\mathsf{SSUM}$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Pranjal Dutta , Mahesh Sreekumar Rajasree

In this paper we suggest analytical methods and associated algorithms for determining the sum of the subsets $X_m$ of the set $X_n$ (subset sum problem). Our algorithm has time complexity $T=O(C_{n}^{k})$ ($k=[m/2]$, which significantly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-05 B. Sinchev , A. B. Sinchev , J. Akzhanova , A. M. Mukhanova , Y. Issekeshev

The efficiency of exact subset sum problem algorithms which compute individual subset sums is defined as $e=min(T/z, 1)$, where $z$ is the number of subset sums computed. $e$ is related to these algorithms' computational complexity. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Nick Dawes

The Erd\H{o}s-Ginzburg-Ziv theorem states that for any sequence of $2n-1$ integers, there exists a subsequence of $n$ elements whose sum is divisible by $n$. In this article, we provide a simple, practical $O(n\log\log n)$ algorithm and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Yui Hin Arvin Leung

In the subset sum problem we are given n positive integers along with a target integer t. A solution is a subset of these integers summing to t. In this short note we show that for a given subset sum instance there is a proof of size…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Jesper Nederlof

We prove the following variant of the Erd\H{o}s distinct subset sums problem. Given $t \ge 0$ and sufficiently large $n$, every $n$-element set $A$ whose subset sums are distinct modulo $N=2^n+t$ satisfies $$\max A \ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Stijn Cambie , Jun Gao , Younjin Kim , Hong Liu

Given a multiset $S$ of $n$ positive integers and a target integer $t$, the Subset Sum problem asks to determine whether there exists a subset of $S$ that sums up to $t$. The current best deterministic algorithm, by Koiliaris and Xu…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Ce Jin , Hongxun Wu

This paper describes an algorithm (thus far referred to as the "Dragonfly Algorithm") by which the subset-sum problem can be solved in $O(n^{11}\log(n))$ time complexity. The paper will first detail the generalized "product-derivative"…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Rion Tolchin

Given a multiset $A = \{a_1, \dots, a_n\}$ of positive integers and a target integer $t$, the Subset Sum problem asks if there is a subset of $A$ that sums to $t$. Bellman's [1957] classical dynamic programming algorithm runs in $O(nt)$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Thejas Radhika Sajith
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