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Reverberation mapping is one of the main techniques used to study active galactic nuclei (AGN) accretion disks. Traditional continuum reverberation mapping uses short lags between variability in different wavelength AGN light curves on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-15 Amy Secunda , Sebastian Wagner-Carena , Helen Qu , Shirley Ho

The normalized excess variance is a popular method used by many authors to estimate the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), especially in the X-ray band. We show that this estimator is affected by the cosmological time dilation,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-23 Riccardo Middei , Fausto Vagnetti , Marco Antonucci , Roberto Serafinelli

Detecting active black holes in dwarf galaxies has proven to be a challenge due to their small size and weak electromagnetic signatures. Mid-infrared variability has emerged as a promising tool that can be used to detect active low-mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-02 Archana Aravindan , Gabriela Canalizo , Nathan Secrest , Shobita Satyapal , Thomas Bohn

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit variability in their luminosities with timescales that correlate with the mass of the black hole at the centre of the AGN. Presently, the empirical correlation lacks sufficient precision to confidently…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-22 Adrien Hélias , Sarah C. Gallagher , Pauline Barmby

The incidence and properties of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the field, groups, and clusters can provide new information about how these objects are triggered and fueled, similar to how these environments have been employed to study…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Timothy J. Arnold , Paul Martini , John S. Mulchaey , Angela Berti , Tesla E. Jeltema

Significant variability in broad emission line strengths of active galactic nuclei (AGN) over months to years has been observed, often accompanied by intrinsic continuum changes. Such spectral variability challenges the traditional AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-22 Tek P. Adhikari , Santanu Mondal , Zhicheng He , Agata Rozanska , Krzysztof Hryniewicz

AGNs are known to be variable in almost all wavelengths and timescales. The shortest variability timescale of AGNs can be used to probe the smallest scale structures within AGNs. We aim to measure the shortest detected variability…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-13 Heechan Yuk , Xinyu Dai , Natalie Kovacevic

Robust fast methods to classify variable light curves in large sky surveys are becoming increasingly important. While it is relatively straightforward to identify common periodic stars and particular transient events (supernovae, novae,…

We present an analysis of the long-term optical variability for $\sim50,000$ nearby (z<0.055) galaxies from the NASA-Sloan Atlas, $35,000$ of which are low-mass ($M_{\ast}<10^{10}~M_{\odot}$). We use difference imaging of Palomar Transient…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-17 Vivienne F. Baldassare , Marla Geha , Jenny Greene

The active galactic nuclei (AGN) are among the most powerful sources with an inherent, pronounced and random variation of brightness. The randomness of their time series is so subtle as to blur the border between aperiodic fluctuations and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-02 Andjelka B Kovacevic , Luka C. Popovic , Dragana Ilic

Adversarial robustness remains a critical challenge in deploying neural network classifiers, particularly in real-time systems where ground-truth labels are unavailable during inference. This paper investigates \textit{Volatility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Vahid Hemmati , Ahmad Mohammadi , Abdul-Rauf Nuhu , Reza Ahmari , Parham Kebria , Abdollah Homaifar

We present the characterization and initial results from the QUEST-La Silla AGN variability survey. This is an effort to obtain well sampled optical light curves in extragalactic fields with unique multi-wavelength observations. We present…

This paper investigates a new methodology to search for periods in light-curves of high-energy gamma-ray sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). High-energy light curves have significant stochastic components, making period detection…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-27 Héctor Rueda , Jean-François Glicenstein , François Brun

For light curves sampled on an uneven grid of observation times, the shape of the power density spectrum (PDS) includes severe distortion effects due to the window function, and simulations of light curves are indispensable to recover the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Martin Mueller , Greg Madejski , Chris Done , Piotr Zycki

Ongoing or upcoming surveys such as Gaia, ZTF, or LSST will observe light-curves of billons or more astronomical sources. This presents new challenges for identifying interesting and important types of variability. Collecting a sufficient…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Dae-Won Kim , Doyeob Yeo , Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones , Giyoung Lee

We present our statistical analysis of the connection between active galactic nuclei (AGN) variability and physical properties of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We constructed optical light curves using data from the QUEST-La…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-19 P. Sánchez-Sáez , P. Lira , J. Mejía-Restrepo , L. C. Ho , P. Arévalo , M. Kim , R. Cartier , P. Coppi

(Abridged) We develop a novel technique to identify active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and study the nature of low-luminosity AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This is the first part of a series of papers and we develop a new, sensitive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Masayuki Tanaka

Rapidly rotating neutron stars can be unstable to the gravitational-wave-driven CFS mechanism if they have a neutral point in the spectrum of nonaxisymmetric f-modes. We investigate the frequencies of these modes in two sequences of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-16 Burkhard Zink , Oleg Korobkin , Erik Schnetter , Nikolaos Stergioulas

We investigate the nature of the faint X-ray source population through X-ray spectroscopy and variability analyses of 136 AGN detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North survey with > 200 background-subtracted 0.5-8.0 keV counts…

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