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Biometric presentation attack detection is gaining increasing attention. Users of mobile devices find it more convenient to unlock their smart applications with finger, face or iris recognition instead of passwords. In this paper, we survey…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Yomna Safaa El-Din , Mohamed N. Moustafa , Hani Mahdi

Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) systems are usually designed independently of the fingerprint verification system. While this can be acceptable for use cases where specific user templates are not predetermined, it represents a missed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Marco Micheletto , Giulia Orrù , Luca Ghiani , Gian Luca Marcialis

Human face exhibits an inherent hierarchy in its representations (i.e., holistic facial expressions can be encoded via a set of facial action units (AUs) and their intensity). Variational (deep) auto-encoders (VAE) have shown great results…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Dieu Linh Tran , Robert Walecki , Ognjen Rudovic , Stefanos Eleftheriadis , Bjørn Schuller , Maja Pantic

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated, targeted cyberattacks designed to gain unauthorized access to systems and remain undetected for extended periods. To evade detection, APT cyberattacks deceive defense layers with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Ngoc Hoang , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Face recognition has evolved as a widely used biometric modality. However, its vulnerability against presentation attacks poses a significant security threat. Though presentation attack detection (PAD) methods try to address this issue,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Anjith George , Sebastien Marcel

The diffusion of fingerprint verification systems for security applications makes it urgent to investigate the embedding of software-based presentation attack detection algorithms (PAD) into such systems. Companies and institutions need to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Marco Micheletto , Gian Luca Marcialis , Giulia Orrù , Fabio Roli

Presentation attacks represent a critical security threat where adversaries use fake biometric data, such as face, fingerprint, or iris images, to gain unauthorized access to protected systems. Various presentation attack detection (PAD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Rashik Shadman , M G Sarwar Murshed , Faraz Hussain

Ear recognition system has been widely studied whereas there are just a few ear presentation attack detection methods for ear recognition systems, consequently, there is no publicly available ear presentation attack detection (PAD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Jalil Nourmohammadi Khiarak

Fingerprint Liveness detection, or presentation attacks detection (PAD), that is, the ability of detecting if a fingerprint submitted to an electronic capture device is authentic or made up of some artificial materials, boosted the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Giulia Orrù , Pierluigi Tuveri , Luca Ghiani , Gian Luca Marcialis

Identity authentication is the process of verifying one's identity. There are several identity authentication methods, among which biometric authentication is of utmost importance. Facial recognition is a sort of biometric authentication…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Matineh Pooshideh

This paper looks into the problem of detecting network anomalies by analyzing NetFlow records. While many previous works have used statistical models and machine learning techniques in a supervised way, such solutions have the limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Quoc Phong Nguyen , Kar Wai Lim , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Kian Hsiang Low , Mun Choon Chan

An iris biometric system can be compromised by presentation attacks (PAs) where artifacts such as artificial eyes, printed eye images, or cosmetic contact lenses are presented to the system. To counteract this, several presentation attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shivangi Yadav , Arun Ross

The rapid evolution of high-end smartphones with advanced high-resolution cameras has resulted in contactless capture of fingerprint biometrics that are more reliable and suitable for verification. Similar to other biometric systems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Hailin Li , Raghavendra Ramachandra

Biometric authentication is becoming more prevalent for secured authentication systems. However, the biometric substances can be deceived by the imposters in several ways. Among other imposter attacks, print attacks, mask attacks, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Prosenjit Chatterjee , Alex Yalchin , Joseph Shelton , Kaushik Roy , Xiaohong Yuan , Kossi D. Edoh

While the performance of face recognition systems has improved significantly in the last decade, they are proved to be highly vulnerable to presentation attacks (spoofing). Most of the research in the field of face presentation attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Olegs Nikisins , Anjith George , Sebastien Marcel

The low-cost, user-friendly, and convenient nature of Automatic Fingerprint Recognition Systems (AFRS) makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. This spreading use of AFRS also makes them vulnerable to various security threats.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Anuj Rai , Ashutosh Anshul , Ashwini Jha , Prayag Jain , Ramprakash Sharma , Somnath Dey

The integration of multimodal models into Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) for ID Documents represents a significant advancement in biometric security. Traditional PAD systems rely solely on visual features, which often fail to detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Marina Villanueva , Juan M. Espin , Juan E. Tapia

Presentation attacks are posing major challenges to most of the biometric modalities. Iris recognition, which is considered as one of the most accurate biometric modality for person identification, has also been shown to be vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Mehak Gupta , Vishal Singh , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Foundation models are becoming increasingly popular due to their strong generalization capabilities resulting from being trained on huge datasets. These generalization capabilities are attractive in areas such as NIR Iris Presentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Juan E. Tapia , Lázaro Janier González-Soler , Christoph Busch

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) has become a thorny problem for biometric systems and numerous countermeasures have been proposed to address it. However, majority of them directly extract feature descriptors and distinguish fake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Lei Li , Zhaoqiang Xia , Xiaoyue Jiang , Fabio Roli , Xiaoyi Feng