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Natively, atomic and molecular processes develop in a sub-femtosecond time scale. In order to, for instance, track and capture the electron motion in that scale we need suitable `probes'. Attosecond pulses configure the most appropriate…

High harmonic generation by relativistically intense laser pulses from overdense plasma layers is surveyed. High harmonics are generated in form of (sub-)attosecond pulses when the plasma surface rebounds towards the observer with…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2011-11-18 Daniel an der Brügge , Alexander Pukhov

Ionization by relativistically intense short laser pulses is studied in the framework of strong-field quantum electrodynamics. Distinctive patterns are found in the energy probability distributions of photoelectrons. Except of the already…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 F. Cajiao Vélez , J. Z. Kamiński , K. Krajewska

We propose a concept for production of high power coherent attosecond pulses in X-ray range. An approach is based on generation of 8th harmonic of radiation in a multistage HGHG FEL (high gain high harmonic free electron laser)…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. L. Saldin , E. A. Schneidmiller , M. V. Yurkov

The birth of attosecond light sources is expected to inspire a breakthrough in ultrafast optics, which may extend human real-time measurement and control techniques into atomic-scale electronic dynamics. For applications, it is essential to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 X. R. Xu , B. Qiao , Y. X. Zhang , H. Y. Lu , H. Zhang , B. Dromey , S. P. Zhu , C. T. Zhou , M. Zepf , X. T. He

Attosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: higher photon flux (permitting…

The interaction between relativistic electron beams and intense laser fields has been extensively studied for generating high-energy radiation. However, achieving coherent radiation from such interactions needs to precisely control the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 H. Peng , T. W. Huang , C. N. Wu , K. Jiang , R. Li , C. Riconda , S. Weber , C. T. Zhou

Laser-accelerated electron bunches and the secondary radiation sources they produce exhibit unique temporal resolution for probing ultrafast physical processes due to their ultrashort pulse duration. The inherently short temporal profile of…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Yang He , Mamat Ali Bake , Cheng-Qi Zhang , Bai-Song Xie

We present a method of producing single attosecond pulses by high-order harmonic generation with multi-cycle nonlinear chirped driver laser pulses. The symmetry of the laser feld in several optical cycles near the pulse center is…

Optics · Physics 2009-06-12 Yang Xiang , Yueping Niu , Yihong Qi , Shangqing Gong

Twenty-five years have passed since the first experimental demonstration of attosecond pulses, marking the advent of our ability to resolve and control electron motion in real time. What began as a technological breakthrough - generating…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-17 Rocio Borrego Varillas , Pierre Agostini , Fernando Ardana-Lamas , Cord L. Arnold , David Ayuso , Maurizio Reduzzi , Jakub Benda , Jens Biegert , Charles Bourassin-Bouchet , Thomas Brabec , Christian Brahms , Andrew C. Brown , David Busto , Jérémie Caillat , Francesca Calegari , Carlo Callegari , Stefanos Carlström , Zenghu Chang , Ming-Chang Chen , Anna G. Ciriolo , Paul Corkum , Gabriele Crippa , Rafael de Q. Garcia , Louis DiMauro , Nirit Dudovich , Per Eng-Johnsson , Davide Faccialà , Philip Flores , Titouan Gadeyne , Gianluca Aldo Geloni , Chase Geirger , Shima Gholam-Mirzaei , Jimena D. Gorfinkiel , Eleftherios Goulielmakis , Mohammed Hassan , Carlos Hernández-García , Phay Ho , Dandan Hui , Lynda R. Hutcheson , Misha Ivanov , Subhendu Kahaly , Henry Kapteyn , Nicholas Karpowicz , Franz X. Kärtner , Matthias Kling , Omer Kneller , Dong Hyuk Ko , Peter M. Kraus , Maximilian Kubullek , Stephen R. Leone , Franck Lépine , Anne L'Huillier , Chen-Ting Liao , Thomas Linker , Alexander Gabriel Lohr , Matteo Lucchini , Lars Bojer Madsen , Roland E. Mainz , Balázs Major , Jon P. Marangos , David Marco , Hugo Marroux , Sean Marshallsay , Rebeca Martínez Vázquez , Rodrigo Martín-Hernández , Zdeněk Mašín , Michael Meyer , Felipe Morales Moreno , Margaret Murnane , Daniel M. Neumark , Mauro Nisoli , Marcus Ossiander , Sreelakshmi Palakka , Serguei Patchkovskii , Zekun Pi , Luis Plaja , Julita Poborska , Miguel A. Porras , Kevin C. Prince , David N. Purschke , Nicolette G. Puskar , Giulio Maria Rossi , Jérémy R. Rouxel , Thierry Ruchon , Patrick Rupprecht , Pascal Salières , Giuseppe Sansone , Fabian Scheiba , Martin Schultze , Bernd Schütte , Svitozar Serkez , Miguel A. Silva-Toledo , Olga Smirnova , Salvatore Stagira , Andrea Trabattoni , John C. Travers , Igor Tyulnev , Morgane Vacher , Giulio Vampa , Hugo W. van der Hart , Katalin Varjú , Anne-Lise Viotti , Vartika Vishnoi , Marc Vrakking , Vincent Wanie , Stefan Witte , Fei Xu , Vladislav S. Yakovlev , Linda Young , Diling Zhu , Caterina Vozzi

Attosecond science has been transforming our understanding of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. However, to date almost all of the attoscience experiments have been based on spectroscopic measurements because attosecond…

The waveforms of attosecond pulses produced by high-harmonic generation carry information on the electronic structure and dynamics in atomic and molecular systems. Current methods for the temporal characterization of such pulses have…

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in liquids is opening new opportunities for attosecond light sources and attosecond time-resolved studies of dynamics in the liquid phase. In gas-phase HHG, few-cycle pulses are routinely used to create…

Attosecond pulses can be used to initiate and control electron dynamics on a sub-femtosecond time scale. The first step in this process occurs when an atom absorbs an ultraviolet photon leading to the formation of an attosecond electron…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-12-11 P. Johnsson , J. Mauritsson , T. Remetter , A. LHuillier , K. J. Schafer

The basic properties of atoms, molecules and solids are governed by electron dynamics which take place on extremely short time scales. To measure and control these dynamics therefore requires ultrafast sources of radiation combined with…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2008-02-27 J. Mauritsson , P. Johnsson , E. Gustafsson , M. Swoboda , T. Ruchon , A. LHuillier , K. J. Schafer

Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) has emerged as a powerful technique within the field of attosecond science, combining extremely high temporal and excellent spectral resolution. So far, ATAS has been implemented in…

Fascinating developments in optical pulse engineering over the last 20 years lead to the generation of laser pulses as short as few femtosecond, providing a unique tool for high resolution time domain spectroscopy. However, a number of the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-06-03 M Kozlowski , J Marciak-Kozlowska , M Pelc

High harmonic generation driven by femtosecond lasers makes it possible to capture the fastest dynamics in molecules and materials. However, to date the shortest attosecond (as) pulses have been produced only in the extreme ultraviolet…

We illustrate how attosecond light pulses can be used to directly mapping out the time-dependence of the correlated motion of two excited atomic electrons, discuss how the two-electron correlations manifest themselves in realistic…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Toru Morishita , Shinichi Watanabe , C. D. Lin