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All numerical weather prediction models used for the wind industry need to produce their forecasts starting from the main synoptic hours 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC, once the analysis becomes available. The six-hour latency time between two…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-01-31 Gabriele Casciaro , Francesco Ferrari , Daniele Lagomarsino Oneto , Andrea Lira-Loarca , Andrea Mazzino

In recent years, ensemble weather forecasting have become a routine at all major weather prediction centres. These forecasts are obtained from multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models with different initial conditions or model…

Applications · Statistics 2022-06-22 Sándor Baran , Patrícia Szokol , Marianna Szabó

In order to enable the transition towards renewable energy sources, probabilistic energy forecasting is of critical importance for incorporating volatile power sources such as solar energy into the electrical grid. Solar energy forecasting…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-03 Benedikt Schulz , Mehrez El Ayari , Sebastian Lerch , Sándor Baran

Ensembles of forecasts are typically employed to account for the forecast uncertainties inherent in predictions of future weather states. However, biases and dispersion errors often present in forecast ensembles require statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-21 Sándor Baran , Annette Möller

Sub-seasonal weather forecasts are becoming increasingly important for a range of socio-economic activities. However, the predictive ability of physical weather models is very limited on these time scales. We propose several post-processing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Nina Horat , Sebastian Lerch

Accurate forecasts of extreme wind speeds are of high importance for many applications. Such forecasts are usually generated by ensembles of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which however can be biased and have errors in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jakob Benjamin Wessel , Christopher A. T. Ferro , Gavin R. Evans , Frank Kwasniok

We propose an extension of the non-homogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR) model by Gneiting et al. (2005) that yields locally calibrated probabilistic forecasts of tem- perature, based on the output of an ensemble prediction system (EPS).…

Applications · Statistics 2014-04-29 Michael Scheuerer , Luca Büermann

Numerical weather forecasts can exhibit systematic errors due to simplifying model assumptions and computational approximations. Statistical postprocessing is a statistical approach to correcting such biases. A statistical postprocessing…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-02 Stefan Siegert , Ben Hooper , Joshua Lovegrove , Tyler Thomson , Birgir Hrafnkelsson

Probabilistic forecasts of wind speed are important for a wide range of applications, ranging from operational decision making in connection with wind power generation to storm warnings, ship routing and aviation. We present a statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-06 Michael Scheuerer , David Möller

State-of-the-art weather forecasts usually rely on ensemble prediction systems, accounting for the different sources of uncertainty. As ensembles are typically uncalibrated, they should get statistically postprocessed. Several multivariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-21 Roman Schefzik

Wind gust prediction plays an important role in warning strategies of national meteorological services due to the high impact of its extreme values. However, forecasting wind gusts is challenging because they are influenced by small-scale…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-24 Cristina Primo , Benedikt Schulz , Sebastian Lerch , Reinhold Hess

Weather forecasting centers currently rely on statistical postprocessing methods to minimize forecast error. This improves skill but can lead to predictions that violate physical principles or disregard dependencies between variables, which…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Francesco Zanetta , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler , Mark A. Liniger

Ensemble forecasting systems have advanced meteorology by providing probabilistic estimates of future states. Nonetheless, systematic biases often persist, making statistical post-processing essential. Traditional parametric post-processing…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-17 Mária Lakatos

Reliable forecasts of quasi-stationary, recurrent, and persistent large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (weather regimes) are crucial for various socio-economic sectors. Despite steady progress, probabilistic weather regime…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-03 Fabian Mockert , Christian M. Grams , Sebastian Lerch , Marisol Osman , Julian Quinting

Producing high-quality forecasts of key climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation, on subseasonal time scales has long been a gap in operational forecasting. This study explores an application of machine learning (ML) models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Elena Orlova , Haokun Liu , Raphael Rossellini , Benjamin A. Cash , Rebecca Willett

Post-processing ensemble prediction systems can improve the reliability of weather forecasting, especially for extreme event prediction. In recent years, different machine learning models have been developed to improve the quality of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Saleh Ashkboos , Langwen Huang , Nikoli Dryden , Tal Ben-Nun , Peter Dueben , Lukas Gianinazzi , Luca Kummer , Torsten Hoefler

Issuing timely severe weather warnings helps mitigate potentially disastrous consequences. Recent advancements in Neural Weather Models (NWMs) offer a computationally inexpensive and fast approach for forecasting atmospheric environments on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Antoine Leclerc , Erwan Koch , Monika Feldmann , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler

Weather forecasting is mostly based on the outputs of deterministic numerical weather forecasting models. Multiple runs of these models with different initial conditions result in forecast ensembles which is are used for estimating the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-07-21 Sándor Baran , András Horányi , Dóra Nemoda

Statistical postprocessing techniques are commonly used to improve the skill of ensembles of numerical weather forecasts. This paper considers spatial extensions of the well-established nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR)…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-22 Kira Feldmann , Michael Scheuerer , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Flash flooding is a significant societal problem, but related precipitation forecasts are often poor. To address this, one can try to use output from convection-parametrising (global) ensembles, post-processed to forecast at point-scale, or…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-12 Estíbaliz Gascón , Andrea Montani , Tim D. Hewson