Related papers: The sum of Lagrange numbers

A composite positive integer n is Lehmer if \phi(n) divides n-1, where \phi(n) is the Euler's totient function. No Lehmer number is known, nor has it been proved that they don't exist. In 2007, the second author [7] proved that there is no…

The Franel numbers are defined by $ f_n=\sum_{k=0}^n {n\choose k}^3. $ Motivated by the recent work of Z.-W. Sun on Franel numbers, we prove that \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(3k+1)(-16)^{n-k-1} {2k\choose k} f_k &\equiv…

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique representation as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Once this has been shown, it's natural to ask how many summands are needed. Using a continued fraction approach,…

We construct four new elements $3.11>m_1>m_2>m_3>m_4$ of $M\backslash L$ lying in distinct connected components of $\mathbb{R}\setminus L$, where $M$ is the Markov spectrum and $L$ is the Lagrange spectrum. These elements are part of a…

Let $K_n$ be the set of all nonsingular $n\times n$ lower triangular $(0,1)$-matrices. Hong and Loewy (2004) introduced the numbers $$ c_n={\rm min}\{\lambda\mid \lambda~\text{is an eigenvalue of}~XX^{\rm T},~X\in K_n\},\quad…

For $H \ge N^{1-\frac{1}{2c}} \ln^2 N$, where $c$ is a fixed non-integer number satisfying $$ \|c\| \ge 3c\left(2^{[c]+1}-1\right)\frac{\ln \ln N}{\ln N}, \qquad c > \frac{4}{3}\left(1 + \frac{52\ln \ln N}{\ln N}\right), $$ we obtain an…

We introduce a new method to establish McShane's Identity, based upon the fact that elliptic elements of order two in the Fuchsian group uniformizing the quotient of a fixed once-punctured hyperbolic torus act so as to exclude points as…

For $A,B\in\mathbb Z$, the Lucas sequence $u_n(A,B)\ (n=0,1,2,\ldots)$ are defined by $u_0(A,B)=0$, $u_1(A,B)=1$, and $u_{n+1}(A,B) = Au_n(A,B)-Bu_{n-1}(A,B)$ $(n=1,2,3,\ldots).$ For any odd prime $p$ and positive integer $n$, we establish…

Motivated by the resemblance of a multivariate series identity and a finite analogue of Euler's pentagonal number theorem, we study multiple extensions of the latter formula. In a different direction we derive a common extension of this…

Let ${\mathcal{P}_{n}}$ denote the set of positive integers which are prime to $n$. Let $B_{n}$ be the $n$-th Bernoulli number. For any prime $p \ge 11$ and integer $r\ge 2$, we prove that $$ \sum\limits_{\begin{smallmatrix}…

In this paper, we prove two supercongruences conjectured by Z.-W. Sun via the Wilf-Zeilberger method. One of them is, for any prime $p>3$, \begin{align*} \sum_{n=0}^{(p-1)/2}\frac{6n+1}{(-512)^n}\binom{2n}n^3&\equiv…

We investigate the sums $\sum_{n\le X, (n,q)=1}\frac{\mu(n)}{n^s}\log^k\left(\frac{X}{n}\right)$, where $k\in\{0,1\}$, $s\in\mathbb{C}$, $\Re s>0$. Our goal is to obtain explicit asymptotic estimations for these quantities. To achieve this,…

We study an extension to the uniqueness conjecture for Markov numbers. For any three positive integers $m\geq a$ and $m\geq b$ satisfying $a^2+b^2+m^2=3abm$, this conjecture states that the triple $(a,m,b)$ is uniquely determined by the…

In this work, we start an investigation of asymmetric Rogers--Ramanujan type identities. The first object is the following unexpected relation $$\sum_{n\ge 0} \frac{(-1)^n q^{3\binom{n}{2}+4n}(q;q^3)_n}{(q^9;q^9)_n} =…

We propose a new approach to extending the notion of commutator and Lie algebra to algebras with ternary multiplication laws. Our approach is based on ternary associativity of the first and second kind. We propose a ternary commutator,…

We give two proofs of the identity $$\sqrt{\frac{\cos\frac{2\pi}{5}} {\cos\frac{\pi}{5}}}+\sqrt{\frac{\cos\frac{\pi}{5}} {\cos\frac{2\pi}{5}} }=\sqrt{5},$$ using and not using the gold ratio.

In 2011, W. Lang derived a novel, explicit formula for the sum of powers of integers $S_k(n) = 1^k + 2^k + \cdots + n^k$ involving simultaneously the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind. In this note, we first recall and then…

Waldspurger's formula gives an identity between the norm of a torus period and an L-function of the twist of an automorphic representation on GL(2). For any two Hecke characters of a fixed quadratic extension, one can consider the two torus…

Let $s_{k}(n)$ denote the sum of digits of an integer $n$ in base $k$. Motivated by certain identities of Nieto, and Bateman and Bradley involving sums of the form $\sum_{i=0}^{2^{n}-1}(-1)^{s_{2}(i)}(x+i)^{m}$ for $m=n$ and $m=n+1$, we…

The method of Lagrange multipliers relates the critical points of a given function f to the critical points of an auxiliary function F. We establish a cohomological relationship between f and F and use it, in conjunction with the…