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Some risks have extremely high stakes. For example, a worldwide pandemic or asteroid impact could potentially kill more than a billion people. Comfortingly, scientific calculations often put very low probabilities on the occurrence of such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-10-31 Toby Ord , Rafaela Hillerbrand , Anders Sandberg

Modern industrial systems are often subject to multiple failure modes, and their conditions are monitored by multiple sensors, generating multiple time-series signals. Additionally, time-to-failure data are commonly available. Accurately…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Sina Aghaee Dabaghan Fard , Minhee Kim , Akash Deep , Jaesung Lee

Machine learning models are often used to inform real world risk assessment tasks: predicting consumer default risk, predicting whether a person suffers from a serious illness, or predicting a person's risk to appear in court. Given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jamelle Watson-Daniels , David C. Parkes , Berk Ustun

In risk management, often the probability must be estimated that a random vector falls into an extreme failure set. In the framework of bivariate extreme value theory, we construct an estimator for such failure probabilities and analyze its…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-04 Holger Drees , Laurens de Haan

The drift diffusion model (DDM) is a model of sequential sampling with diffusion (Brownian) signals, where the decision maker accumulates evidence until the process hits a stopping boundary, and then stops and chooses the alternative that…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-10-12 Drew Fudenberg , Whitney K. Newey , Philipp Strack , Tomasz Strzalecki

In biomedical settings, multitype recurrent events such as stroke and heart failure occur frequently, often concluding with a terminal event such as death. Understanding the links between these recurring and terminal events is fundamental…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-15 Mithun Kumar Acharjee , AKM Fazlur Rahman

We consider the problem of governing systemic risk in a banking system model. The banking system model consists in an initial value problem for a system of stochastic differential equations whose dependent variables are the log-monetary…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-12-19 Lorella Fatone , Francesca Mariani

This paper provides sufficient conditions for the time of bankruptcy (of a company or a state) for being a totally inaccessible stopping time and provides the explicit computation of its compensator in a framework where the flow of market…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-10 Matteo Ludovico Bedini , Rainer Buckdahn , Hans-Jürgen Engelbert

This paper characterizes the probability of a market failure defined as the default of two or more globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs) in a small interval of time. The default probabilities of the G-SIBs are correlated through…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-12-27 Robert Jarrow , Philip Protter , Alejandra Quintos

Geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a model for systems as varied as financial instruments and populations. The statistical properties of GBM are complicated by non-ergodicity, which can lead to ensemble averages exhibiting exponential…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-03-15 Ole Peters , William Klein

We consider the problem of an agent who faces losses in continuous time over a finite time horizon and may choose to share some of these losses with a counterparty. The agent is uncertain about the true loss distribution and has multiple…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-13 Emma Kroell , Sebastian Jaimungal , Silvana M. Pesenti

Interactions among multiple time series of positive random variables are crucial in diverse financial applications, from spillover effects to volatility interdependence. A popular model in this setting is the vector Multiplicative Error…

Computation · Statistics 2021-07-12 Nicola Donelli , Stefano Peluso , Antonietta Mira

The extreme cases of risk measures, when considered within the context of distributional ambiguity, provide significant guidance for practitioners specializing in risk management of quantitative finance and insurance. In contrast to the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-01 Yuting Su , Taizhong Hu , Zhenfeng Zou

Recent works have demonstrated a double descent phenomenon in over-parameterized learning. Although this phenomenon has been investigated by recent works, it has not been fully understood in theory. In this paper, we investigate the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-11 Xuran Meng , Jianfeng Yao , Yuan Cao

In the area of credit risk analytics, current Bankruptcy Prediction Models (BPMs) struggle with (a) the availability of comprehensive and real-world data sets and (b) the presence of extreme class imbalance in the data (i.e., very few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh K. Ghafoor , Sid C. Bundy , Douglas A. Talbert , Ambareen Siraj

Risk aggregation is a popular method used to estimate the sum of a collection of financial assets or events, where each asset or event is modelled as a random variable. Applications, in the financial services industry, include insurance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Peng Lin

The sum of $n$ {non-independent} Bernoulli random variables could be modeled in several different ways. One of these is the Multiplicative Binomial Distribution (MBD), introduced by Altham (1978) and revised by Lovison (1998). In this work,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-26 Francesca Fortunato

Financial and economic history is strewn with bubbles and crashes, booms and busts, crises and upheavals of all sorts. Understanding the origin of these events is arguably one of the most important problems in economic theory. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-11 Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

One of the commonly used approaches to capture dependence in multivariate survival data is through the frailty variables. The identifiability issues should be carefully investigated while modeling multivariate survival with or without…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-03 Biswadeep Ghosh , Anup Dewanji , Sudipta Das

Let $B(t), t\in \mathbb{R}$ be a standard Brownian motion. In this paper, we derive the exact asymptotics of the probability of Parisian ruin on infinite time horizon for the following risk process \begin{align}\label{Rudef}…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-21 Long Bai