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As modern software systems grow in complexity and operate in dynamic environments, the need for runtime analysis techniques becomes a more critical part of the verification and validation process. Runtime verification monitors the runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Cristina Stratan , Claudio Mandrioli , Domenico Bianculli

The increasing use of model-based tools enables further use of formal verification techniques in the context of distributed real-time systems. To avoid state explosion, it is necessary to construct verification models that focus on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Chih-Hong Cheng , Christian Buckl , Javier Esparza , Alois Knoll

Identifying a temporal pattern of events is a fundamental task of on-line (real-time) verification. We present efficient schemes for on-line monitoring of events for identifying desired/undesired patterns of events. The schemes use…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-28 Shlomi Dolev , Jonathan Goldfeld , Rami Puzis

This paper presents a command-line tool, called Entropia, that implements a family of conformance checking measures for process mining founded on the notion of entropy from information theory. The measures allow quantifying classical…

Runtime verification encompasses several lightweight techniques for checking whether a system's current execution satisfies a given specification. We focus on runtime verification for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Previous work describes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Javier Esparza , Vincent Fischer

The business processes of organizations may deviate from normal control flow due to disruptive anomalies, including unknown, skipped, and wrongly-ordered activities. To identify these control-flow anomalies, process mining can check…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Francesco Vitale , Marco Pegoraro , Wil M. P. van der Aalst , Nicola Mazzocca

Verification is crucial for effective mathematical reasoning. We present a new temporal consistency method where verifiers iteratively refine their judgments based on the previous assessment. Unlike one-round verification or multi-model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiacheng Guo , Yue Wu , Jiahao Qiu , Kaixuan Huang , Xinzhe Juan , Ling Yang , Mengdi Wang

Process mining leverages event data extracted from IT systems to generate insights into the business processes of organizations. Such insights benefit from explicitly considering the frequency of behavior in business processes, which is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Tian Li , Artem Polyvyanyy , Sander J. J. Leemans

The increasing relevance of areas such as real-time and embedded systems, pervasive computing, hybrid systems control, and biological and social systems modeling is bringing a growing attention to the temporal aspects of computing, not only…

General Literature · Computer Science 2013-08-15 Carlo A. Furia , Dino Mandrioli , Angelo Morzenti , Matteo Rossi

Business processes need to have certain constraints such that they can lead to sustainable outcomes. These constraints can be manifold and their adherence has to be monitored. In the past compliance checking has been applied in several…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Clemens Schreiber

Processes are a crucial artefact in organizations, since they coordinate the execution of activities so that products and services are provided. The use of models to analyse the underlying processes is a well-known practice. However, due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Thomas Chatain , Mathilde Boltenhagen , Josep Carmona

Conformance checking techniques help process analysts to identify where and how process executions deviate from a process model. However, they cannot determine the desirability of these deviations, i.e., whether they are problematic,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Michael Grohs , Nadine Cordes , Jana-Rebecca Rehse

Detecting undesired process behavior is one of the main tasks of process mining and various conformance-checking techniques have been developed to this end. These techniques typically require a normative process model as input, specifically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Adrian Rebmann , Timotheus Kampik , Carl Corea , Han van der Aa

Process mining is of great importance for both data-centric and process-centric systems. Process mining receives so-called process logs which are collections of partially-ordered events. An event has to possess at least three attributes,…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Iman M. A. Helal , Ahmed Awad

The execution of (business) processes generates valuable traces of event data in the information systems employed within companies. Recently, approaches for monitoring the correctness of the execution of running processes have been…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Daniel Schuster , Sebastiaan J. van Zelst

Given a model of the expected behavior of a business process and an event log recording its observed behavior, the problem of business process conformance checking is that of identifying and describing the differences between the model and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniel Reißner , Abel Armas-Cervantes , Raffaele Conforti , Marlon Dumas , Dirk Fahland , Marcello La Rosa

Monitoring is a runtime verification technique that allows one to check whether an ongoing computation of a system (partial trace) satisfies a given formula. It does not need a complete model of the system, but it typically requires the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Andrea Brunello , Luca Geatti , Angelo Montanari , Nicola Saccomanno

We describe a novel approach for adapting an existing software model checker to perform precise runtime verification. The software under test is allowed to communicate with the wider environment (including the file system and network). The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Katarína Kejstová , Petr Ročkai , Jiří Barnat

Techniques for runtime verification often utilise specification languages that are (i) reasonably expressive, and (ii) relatively abstract (i.e. they operate on a level of abstraction that separates them from the system being monitored).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Joshua Heneage Dawes , Giles Reger

Log analysis and monitoring are essential aspects in software maintenance and identifying defects. In particular, the temporal nature and vast size of log data leads to an interesting and important research question: How can logs be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Rares Dolga , Ran Zmigrod , Rui Silva , Salwa Alamir , Sameena Shah