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Autoassociative networks were proposed in the 80's as simplified models of memory function in the brain, using recurrent connectivity with hebbian plasticity to store patterns of neural activity that can be later recalled. This type of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2011-11-10 Emilio Kropff , Alessandro Treves

Energy-based probabilistic models learned by maximizing the likelihood of the data are limited by the intractability of the partition function. A widely used workaround is to maximize the pseudo-likelihood, which replaces the global…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Francesco D'Amico , Dario Bocchi , Luca Maria Del Bono , Saverio Rossi , Matteo Negri

Restricted Boltzmann Machines are key tools in Machine Learning and are described by the energy function of bipartite spin-glasses. From a statistical mechanical perspective, they share the same Gibbs measure of Hopfield networks for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Chiara Longo , Daniele Tantari

Using the Hopfield model as a benchmark case, the present work focuses on the investigation of partially annealed associative neural networks, wherein neural dynamics is coupled to slowly evolving patterns within the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-12 Linda Albanese , Andrea Alessandrelli , Adriano Barra , Silvio Franz , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

The synapses of real neural systems seem to have delays. Therefore, it is worthwhile to analyze associative memory models with delayed synapses. Thus, a sequential associative memory model with delayed synapses is discussed, where a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Seiji Miyoshi , Hiro-Fumi Yanai , Masato Okada

Classical autoassociative memory models have been central to understanding emergent computations in recurrent neural circuits across diverse biological contexts. However, they typically neglect neuromodulatory agents that are known to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-17 Daiki Goto , Hector Manuel Lopez Rios , Monika Scholz , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

This paper is concerned with the modeling and analysis of two of the most commonly used recurrent neural network models (i.e., Hopfield neural network and firing-rate neural network) with dynamic recurrent connections undergoing Hebbian…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-25 Veronica Centorrino , Francesco Bullo , Giovanni Russo

Recent studies point to the potential storage of a large number of patterns in the celebrated Hopfield associative memory model, well beyond the limits obtained previously. We investigate the properties of new fixed points to discover that…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-11-22 Jacopo Rocchi , David Saad , Daniele Tantari

Attractor neural network is an important theoretical scenario for modeling memory function in the hippocampus and in the cortex. In these models, memories are stored in the plastic recurrent connections of neural populations in the form of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-01-12 Alireza Alemi

Several guiding principles for thought processes are proposed and a neural-network-type model implementing these principles is presented and studied. We suggest to consider thinking within an associative network built-up of overlapping…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Claudius Gros

Generative models, including diffusion models, are increasingly used as foundation models and adapted through sequential fine-tuning, making continual learning an essential problem setting. However, continual learning in such generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ken Takeda , Masafumi Oizumi , Ryo Karakida

Priming is the ability of the brain to more quickly activate a target concept in response to a related stimulus (prime). Experiments point to the existence of an overlap between the populations of the neurons coding for different stimuli.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-11-15 Pascal Chossat , Martin Krupa , Frédéric Lavigne

The modern Hopfield network, proposed by Krotov and Hopfield, is a mathematical generalization of the Hopfield network, which is a basic model of associative memory that employs higher-order interactions. This study introduces an open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Takeshi Kimura , Kohtaro Kato

Brain-inspired computing aims to mimic cognitive functions like associative memory, the ability to recall complete patterns from partial cues. Memristor technology offers promising hardware for such neuromorphic systems due to its potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chengping He , Mingrui Jiang , Keyi Shan , Szu-Hao Yang , Zefan Li , Shengbo Wang , Giacomo Pedretti , Jim Ignowski , Can Li

Short-term memory in the brain cannot in general be explained the way long-term memory can -- as a gradual modification of synaptic weights -- since it takes place too quickly. Theories based on some form of cellular bistability, however,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-01-31 Samuel Johnson , J. Marro , Joaquín J. Torres

Generalized Hopfield models with higher-order or exponential interaction terms are known to have substantially larger storage capacities than the classical quadratic model. On the other hand, associative memories for sparse patterns, such…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Matthias Löwe , Franck Vermet

This paper presents a new artificial neuron model capable of learning its receptive field in the topological domain of inputs. The model provides adaptive and differentiable local connectivity (plasticity) applicable to any domain. It…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-08 F. Boray Tek

Drawing from memory the face of a friend you have not seen in years is a difficult task. However, if you happen to cross paths, you would easily recognize each other. The biological memory is equipped with an impressive compression…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Rodrigo Simas , Luis Sa-Couto , Andreas Wichert

In this work we develop analytical techniques to investigate a broad class of associative neural networks set in the high-storage regime. These techniques translate the original statistical-mechanical problem into an analytical-mechanical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-04-17 Elena Agliari , Francesco Alemanno , Adriano Barra , Alberto Fachechi

The Hopfield network (HN) is a classical model of associative memory whose dynamics are closely related to the Ising spin system with 2-body interactions. Stored patterns are encoded as minima of an energy function shaped by a Hebbian…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Marco Cafiso , Paolo Paradisi