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Real-world visual recognition problems often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where the amount of data for learning in different categories shows significant imbalance. Standard classification models learned on such data distribution…

Machine learning models are trained to minimize the mean loss for a single metric, and thus typically do not consider fairness and robustness. Neglecting such metrics in training can make these models prone to fairness violations when…

Deploying deep learning-based imaging tools across various clinical sites poses significant challenges due to inherent domain shifts and regulatory hurdles associated with site-specific fine-tuning. For histopathology, stain normalization…

Models pre-trained on large-scale datasets are often fine-tuned to support newer tasks and datasets that arrive over time. This process necessitates storing copies of the model over time for each task that the pre-trained model is…

Improving the performance of classifiers is the realm of feature mapping, prototype selection, and kernel function transformations; these techniques aim for reducing the complexity, and also, improving the accuracy of models. In particular,…

The rising global prevalence of skin conditions, some of which can escalate to life-threatening stages if not timely diagnosed and treated, presents a significant healthcare challenge. This issue is particularly acute in remote areas where…

Data augmentation (DA) encodes invariance and provides implicit regularization critical to a model's performance in image classification tasks. However, while DA improves average accuracy, recent studies have shown that its impact can be…

Ensemble models often achieve higher accuracy than single learners, but their ability to maintain small generalization gaps is not always well understood. This study examines how ensembles balance accuracy and overfitting across four…

Data augmentation has been proven effective for training high-accuracy convolutional neural network classifiers by preventing overfitting. However, building deep neural networks in real-world scenarios requires not only high accuracy on…

Training and fine-tuning deep learning models, especially large language models (LLMs), on limited and imbalanced datasets poses substantial challenges. These issues often result in poor generalization, where models overfit to dominant…

Extracting class activation maps (CAM) from a classification model often results in poor coverage on foreground objects, i.e., only the discriminative region (e.g., the "head" of "sheep") is recognized and the rest (e.g., the "leg" of…

Modern computer systems are highly configurable, with hundreds of configuration options that interact, resulting in an enormous configuration space. As a result, optimizing performance goals (e.g., latency) in such systems is challenging…

Obtaining object response maps is one important step to achieve weakly-supervised semantic segmentation using image-level labels. However, existing methods rely on the classification task, which could result in a response map only attending…

Calibration strengthens the trustworthiness of black-box models by producing better accurate confidence estimates on given examples. However, little is known about if model explanations can help confidence calibration. Intuitively, humans…

Machine learning (ML) models benefit from large datasets. Collecting data in biomedical domains is costly and challenging, hence, combining datasets has become a common practice. However, datasets obtained under different conditions could…

Various algorithms have been proposed to address the challenges posed by class-imbalanced learning from real-world data with long-tailed distributions. While these algorithms reduce prediction bias through rebalancing techniques, they often…

Deep neural networks have been shown as a class of useful tools for addressing signal recognition issues in recent years, especially for identifying the nonlinear feature structures of signals. However, this power of most deep learning…

Model-based clustering integrated with variable selection is a powerful tool for uncovering latent structures within complex data. However, its effectiveness is often hindered by challenges such as identifying relevant variables that define…

Model merging aims to integrate the strengths of multiple fine-tuned models into a unified model while preserving task-specific capabilities. Existing methods, represented by task arithmetic, are typically classified into global- and…

Training large language representation models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. This allows for fine tuning on any number of specific tasks, however, these large high capacity models can continue to train…