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Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multi- and cross-modal integration capabilities. However, their potential for fine-grained emotion understanding remains systematically underexplored.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jing Han , Zhiqiang Gao , Shihao Gao , Jialing Liu , Hongyu Chen , Zixing Zhang , Björn W. Schuller

Speech emotion recognition is a challenging problem because human convey emotions in subtle and complex ways. For emotion recognition on human speech, one can either extract emotion related features from audio signals or employ speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Haiyang Xu , Hui Zhang , Kun Han , Yun Wang , Yiping Peng , Xiangang Li

Recently, leveraging BERT pre-training to improve the phoneme encoder in text to speech (TTS) has drawn increasing attention. However, the works apply pre-training with character-based units to enhance the TTS phoneme encoder, which is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Guangyan Zhang , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Daxin Tan , Yuzi Yan , Yanqing Liu , Gang Wang , Wei Zhou , Tao Qin , Tan Lee , Sheng Zhao

Multimodal Affective Computing (MAC) aims to recognize and interpret human emotions by integrating information from diverse modalities such as text, video, and audio. Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Miaosen Luo , Jiesen Long , Zequn Li , Yunying Yang , Yuncheng Jiang , Sijie Mai

In this study, we investigate multimodal foundation models (MFMs) for emotion recognition from non-verbal sounds. We hypothesize that MFMs, with their joint pre-training across multiple modalities, will be more effective in non-verbal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Orchid Chetia Phukan , Mohd Mujtaba Akhtar , Girish , Swarup Ranjan Behera , Sishir Kalita , Arun Balaji Buduru , Rajesh Sharma , S. R Mahadeva Prasanna

Multimodal emotion recognition has attracted much attention recently. Fusing multiple modalities effectively with limited labeled data is a challenging task. Considering the success of pre-trained model and fine-grained nature of emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Junyi He , Meimei Wu , Meng Li , Xiaobo Zhu , Feng Ye

BERT has revolutionized the NLP field by enabling transfer learning with large language models that can capture complex textual patterns, reaching the state-of-the-art for an expressive number of NLP applications. For text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Frederico Souza , João Filho

Advancements in spoken language processing have driven the development of spoken language models (SLMs), designed to achieve universal audio understanding by jointly learning text and audio representations for a wide range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Pedro Corrêa , João Lima , Victor Moreno , Lucas Ueda , Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa

Emotional states manifest as coordinated yet heterogeneous physiological responses across central and autonomic systems, posing a fundamental challenge for multimodal representation learning in affective computing. Learning such joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Deyang Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Wenming Zheng , Shujian Yu

Multimodal emotion recognition aims to recognize emotions for each utterance of multiple modalities, which has received increasing attention for its application in human-machine interaction. Current graph-based methods fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Dongyuan Li , Yusong Wang , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Self-supervised speech (SSL) models have recently become widely adopted for many downstream speech processing tasks. The general usage pattern is to employ SSL models as feature extractors, and then train a downstream prediction head to…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yi-Jen Shih , David Harwath

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) application is frequently associated with privacy concerns as it often acquires and transmits speech data at the client-side to remote cloud platforms for further processing. These speech data can reveal not…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Tiantian Feng , Shrikanth Narayanan

Multimodal sentiment analysis is a core research area that studies speaker sentiment expressed from the language, visual, and acoustic modalities. The central challenge in multimodal learning involves inferring joint representations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Hai Pham , Paul Pu Liang , Thomas Manzini , Louis-Philippe Morency , Barnabas Poczos

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is to recognize human emotions in a natural verbal interaction scenario with machines, which is considered as a challenging problem due to the ambiguous human emotions. Despite the recent progress in SER,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Lei Kang , Lichao Zhang , Dazhi Jiang

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) leverages information fusion from diverse modalities (e.g., text, audio, visual) to enhance sentiment prediction. However, simple fusion techniques often fail to account for variations in modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Han Wu , Yanming Sun , Yunhe Yang , Derek F. Wong

Previous work on emotion recognition demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining several modalities such as auditory, visual, and transcribed text to estimate the affective state of a speaker. Among these, the linguistic modality is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Egor Lakomkin , Mohammad Ali Zamani , Cornelius Weber , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) aims to help the machine to understand human's subjective emotion from only audio information. However, extracting and utilizing comprehensive in-depth audio information is still a challenging task. In this…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Heqing Zou , Yuke Si , Chen Chen , Deepu Rajan , Eng Siong Chng

Collecting sufficient labeled data for spoken language understanding (SLU) is expensive and time-consuming. Recent studies achieved promising results by using pre-trained models in low-resource scenarios. Inspired by this, we aim to ask:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Yifan Peng , Siddhant Arora , Yosuke Higuchi , Yushi Ueda , Sujay Kumar , Karthik Ganesan , Siddharth Dalmia , Xuankai Chang , Shinji Watanabe

Recent advances in synthetic speech have made audio deepfakes increasingly realistic, posing significant security risks. Existing detection methods that rely on a single modality, either raw waveform embeddings or spectral based features,…

This paper presents a Multi-modal Emotion Recognition (MER) system designed to enhance emotion recognition accuracy in challenging acoustic conditions. Our approach combines a modified and extended Hierarchical Token-semantic Audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ohad Cohen , Gershon Hazan , Sharon Gannot