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Nonlinear metasurfaces are multifunctional photonic elements that generate and control light, enabling multiple proof-of-principle applications, such as in nonlinear holography, beam shaping, and nanoscale sources of entangled photon pairs.…

Phase change materials (PCMs) are well-known for their reversible and rapid switching between crystalline and amorphous phases through thermal excitations mediated by strong electrical or laser pulses. This crystal-to-amorphous transition…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-25 Nicholas Mazzucca , Junjing Zhao , Zhenyang Xu , Despina Louca , Utpal Chatterjee , Marc Bockrath

Tunable metasurfaces enable active and on-demand control over optical wavefronts through reconfigurable scattering of resonant nanostructures. Here, we present novel insights inspired by mechanical metamaterials to achieve giant tunability…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-31 Freek van Gorp , Wenfeng Liu , Corentin Coulais , Jorik van de Groep

Switchable and active metasurfaces allow for the realization of beam steering, zoomable metalenses, or dynamic holography. To achieve this goal, one has to combine high-performance metasurfaces with switchable materials that exhibit high…

The success of semiconductor electronics is built on the creation of compact, low-power switching elements that offer routing, logic, and memory functions. The availability of nanoscale optical switches could have a similarly transformative…

Optical metasurfaces have been enabling reduced footprint and power consumption, as well as faster speeds, in the context of analog computing and image processing. While various image processing and optical computing functionalities have…

Phase-change materials (PCMs) are increasingly recognised as promising platforms for tunable photonic devices due to their ability to modulate optical properties through solid-state phase transitions. Ultrathin and low-loss PCMs are highly…

We present a hybrid device platform for creating an electrically reconfigurable metasurface formed by the integration of plasmonic nanostructures with phase-change material germanium antimony telluride (GST). By changing the phase of GST…

All-dielectric metasurfaces provide unique solutions for advanced wavefront manipulation of light with complete control of amplitude and phase at sub-wavelength scales. One limitation, however, for most of these devices is the lack of any…

Active metasurfaces, which are arrays of actively tunable resonant elements, can dynamically control the wavefront of the scattered light at a subwavelength scale. To date, most active metasurfaces that enable dynamic wavefront shaping…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-09-18 Ruzan Sokhoyan , Claudio U. Hail , Morgan Foley , Meir Y. Grajower , Harry A. Atwater

Metasurfaces can manipulate the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves, offering applications ranging from antenna design and cloaking to imaging and communication. Additionally, temporal, and non-linear metasurfaces have the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-18 Pouria Sanjari , Firooz Aflatouni

Optical metasurfaces (OMSs) have shown unprecedented capabilities for versatile wavefront manipulations at the subwavelength scale, thus opening fascinating perspectives for next generation ultracompact optical devices and systems. However,…

Recent advances in nonlocal metasurfaces have enabled unprecedented success in shaping the wavefront of light with spectral selectivity, offering new solutions for many emerging nanophotonics applications. The ability to tune both the…

Active optical metasurfaces are rapidly emerging as a major frontier in photonics research, development, and commercialization. They promise compact, light-weight, and energy-efficient reconfigurable optical systems with unprecedented…

Optics · Physics 2023-04-19 Tian Gu , Hyun Jung Kim , Clara Rivero-Baleine , Juejun Hu

We analyze, design and assess the performance of a reflective reconfigurable metasurface (MS) architecture for optical wireless communications. The device is based on the Ge-Sb-Te (GST225) phase-change material (PCM) alloy, thermally…

The optical properties of phase-change materials (PCM) can be tuned to multiple levels by controlling the transition between their amorphous and crystalline phases. In multi-material PCM structures, the number of discrete reflectance levels…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Simon Wredh , Yunzheng Wang , Joel K. W. Yang , Robert E. Simpson

Energy-efficient programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies. Optical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks which enable these programmable…

The switching and optical properties of phase-change thin films are actively investigated for future smart optical devices. The possibility of having more than one stable state, the large optical contrast between phases, and the fast and…

Optics · Physics 2024-02-15 Daniel T. Yimam , Minpeng Liang , Jianting Ye , Bart J. Kooi

Metasurfaces allow for the spatiotemporal variation of amplitude, phase, and polarization of optical wavefronts. Implementation of active tunability of metasurfaces promises compact flat optics capable of reconfigurable wavefront shaping.…

Ultra-compact, low-loss, fast, and reconfigurable optical components, enabling manipulation of light by light, could open numerous opportunities for controlling light on the nanoscale. Nanostructured all-dielectric metasurfaces have been…