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As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Jie Li , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

We propose a method to evaluate general thermodynamic fluctuations in open quantum systems, based on performing a two-point measurement scheme on the system using dynamics-dependent thermodynamic observables. Our approach allows one to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alessandra Colla , Andrea Smirne , Heinz-Peter Breuer , Bassano Vacchini

A large number of multifaceted quantum transport processes in molecular systems and physical nanosystems can be treated in terms of quantum relaxation processes which couple to one or several fluctuating environments. A thermal equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Igor Goychuk , Peter Hanggi

We formulate a full-counting statistics description to study energy exchange in multi-terminal junctions. Our approach applies to quantum systems that are coupled either additively or non-additively (cooperatively) to multiple reservoirs.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-29 Hava Meira Friedman , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla , Dvira Segal

The non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems is one of the most fascinating problems in physics. Open questions range from how they relax to equilibrium to how to extract useful work from them. A critical point lies in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-23 J. Mur-Petit , A. Relaño , R. A. Molina , D. Jaksch

It is known that temperature estimates of macroscopic systems in equilibrium are most precise when their energy fluctuations are large. However, for nanoscale systems deviations from standard thermodynamics arise due to their interactions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 Harry J. D. Miller , Janet Anders

We calculate the real time non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum spin systems at finite temperatures. The mathematical framework originates from the $C^*$-approach to quantum statistical mechanics and is applied to samples investigated by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Kolja Them , T. Stapelfeldt , E. Y. Vedmedenko , R. Wiesendanger

The fluctuation theorem, where the central quantity is the work distribution, is an important characterization of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In this work, based on the dissipaton-equation-of-motion theory, we develop an exact method to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-11 Hong Gong , Yao Wang , Xiao Zheng , Rui-Xue Xu , YiJing Yan

Traditional thermodynamics governs the behaviour of large systems that evolve between states of thermal equilibrium. For these large systems, the mean values of thermodynamic quantities (such as work, heat and entropy) provide a good…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-01 Andrew J. P. Garner

We study analytically the probability distribution of the heat released by an ensemble of harmonic oscillators to the thermal bath, in the nonequilibrium relaxation process following a temperature quench. We focus on the asymmetry…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-05-29 A. Crisanti , A. Sarracino , M. Zannetti

Dirac-Frenkel variational method with Davydov D2 trial wavefunction is extended by introducing a thermalization algorithm and applied to simulate dynamics of a general open quantum system. The algorithm allows to control temperature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 Mantas Jakučionis , Darius Abramavičius

Dissipative quantum systems are frequently described within the framework of the so-called "system-plus-reservoir" approach. In this work we assign their description to the Maximum Entropy Formalism and compare the resulting thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-04 Lisan M. M. Durão , Amir O. Caldeira

We develop a comprehensive framework for characterizing fluctuations in quantum transport and nonequilibrium thermodynamics using two complementary approaches: full counting statistics and first-passage times. Focusing on open quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-12 Paul Menczel , Christian Flindt , Fredrik Brange , Franco Nori , Clemens Gneiting

We investigate the temperature uncertainty relation in nonequilibrium probe-based temperature estimation process. We demonstrate that it is the fluctuation of heat that fundamentally determines temperature precision through the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Ning Zhang , Si-Yuan Bai , Chong Chen

The thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations indicate trade-offs between the relative fluctuation of observables and thermodynamic quantities such as dissipation and dynamical activity. Although these relations have been well studied…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-04-12 Tan Van Vu , Keiji Saito

A novel method is introduced in order to treat the dissipative dynamics of quantum systems interacting with a bath of classical degrees of freedom. The method is based upon an extension of the Nos\`e-Hoover chain (constant temperature)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Alessandro Sergi

Emulating thermal observables on a digital quantum computer is essential for quantum simulation of many-body physics. However, thermalization typically requires a large system size due to incorporating a thermal bath, whilst limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 H. Perrin , T. Scoquart , A. I. Pavlov , N. V. Gnezdilov

We consider a quantum dot system whose charge fluctuations are monitored by a quantum point contact allowing for the detection of both charge and transferred heat statistics. Our system consists of two nearby conductors that exchange energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-12-24 Rafael Sánchez , Markus Büttiker

The emergence of statistical mechanics from quantum dynamics is a central problem in quantum many-body physics. Deriving observables aligned with the prediction of the canonical ensemble for a quantum system relies on the presence of a bath…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-05 Nikolay V. Gnezdilov , Andrei I. Pavlov

The study of thermodynamic fluctuations allows one to relate the free energy difference between two equilibrium states with the work done on a system through processes far from equilibrium. This finding plays a crucial role in the quantum…