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Formal verification provides strong safety guarantees but only for models of cyber-physical systems. Hybrid system models describe the required interplay of computation and physical dynamics, which is crucial to guarantee what computations…

In runtime verification, a monitor watches a trace of a system and, if possible, decides after observing each finite prefix whether or not the unknown infinite trace satisfies a given specification. We generalize the theory of runtime…

The automobile Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is hard to design and implement due to its real time features and increasing complexity. Some automobile RTOS standards are released aiming at unifying the software architecture of vehicle…

Interactions are formal models describing asynchronous communications within a Distributed System (DS). They can be drawn in the fashion of sequence diagrams and executed thanks to an operational semantics akin to that of process algebras.…

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a simple but powerful paradigm for training LLMs: sample a completion, verify it, and update. In practice, however, the verifier is almost never clean--unit tests probe only limited…

Monitoring concurrent programs typically rely on collecting traces to abstract program executions. However, existing approaches targeting general behavioral properties are either not tailored for online monitoring, are no longer maintained,…

The emergence of the Industrial Internet results in an increasing number of complicated temporal interdependencies between automation systems and the processes to be controlled. There is a need for verification methods that scale better…

Verifying hyperproperties at runtime is a challenging problem as hyperproperties, such as non-interference and observational determinism, relate multiple computation traces with each other. It is necessary to store previously seen traces,…

Critical systems require high reliability and are present in many domains. They are systems in which failure may result in financial damage or even loss of lives. Standard techniques of software engineering are not enough to ensure the…

While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is effective for deterministically checkable tasks, many vision-language tasks are partially verifiable, demanding multi-criteria supervision (e.g., perceptual details, reasoning…

This report presents the activities of the first working group of the COST Action ArVI, Runtime Verification beyond Monitoring. The report aims to provide an overview of some of the major core aspects involved in Runtime Verification.…

Contextual reasoning with constraints is crucial for enhancing temporal consistency in cross-frame modeling for visual tracking. However, mainstream tracking algorithms typically associate context by merely stacking historical information…

The safety of cyber-physical systems rests on the correctness of their monitoring mechanisms. This is problematic if the specification of the monitor is implemented manually or interpreted by unreliable software. We present a verifying…

Scalable and automatic formal verification for concurrent systems is always demanding. In this paper, we propose a verification framework to support automated compositional reasoning for concurrent programs with shared variables. Our…

Live sequence charts (LSCs) have been proposed as an inter-object scenario-based specification and visual programming language for reactive systems. In this paper, we introduce a logic-based framework to check the consistency of an LSC…

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a specification language for finite sequences (called traces) widely used in program verification, motion planning in robotics, process mining, and many other areas. We consider the problem of learning LTL…

In this paper we present a novel rule-based approach for Runtime Verification of FLTL properties over finite but expanding traces. Our system exploits Horn clauses in implication form and relies on a forward chaining-based monitoring…

Understanding a program's runtime reasoning behavior, meaning how intermediate states and control flows lead to final execution results, is essential for reliable code generation, debugging, and automated reasoning. Although large language…

In concurrent and distributed systems, software components are expected to communicate according to predetermined protocols and APIs - and if a component does not observe them, the system's reliability is compromised. Furthermore, isolating…

A wide range of interesting program properties are intrinsically relational, i.e., they relate two or more program traces. Two prominent relational properties are secure information flow and conditional program equivalence. By showing the…