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Hate speech in social media is a growing phenomenon, and detecting such toxic content has recently gained significant traction in the research community. Existing studies have explored fine-tuning language models (LMs) to perform hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Md Rabiul Awal , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Eshaan Tanwar , Tanmay Garg , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In this paper, an approach for hate speech detection against women in Arabic community on social media (e.g. Youtube) is proposed. In the literature, similar works have been presented for other languages such as English. However, to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Imane Guellil , Ahsan Adeel , Faical Azouaou , Mohamed Boubred , Yousra Houichi , Akram Abdelhaq Moumna

We propose a 'legal approach' to hate speech detection by operationalization of the decision as to whether a post is subject to criminal law into an NLP task. Comparing existing regulatory regimes for hate speech, we base our investigation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Frederike Zufall , Marius Hamacher , Katharina Kloppenborg , Torsten Zesch

Online harassment in the form of hate speech has been on the rise in recent years. Addressing the issue requires a combination of content moderation by people, aided by automatic detection methods. As content moderation is itself harmful to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Vanessa Murdock

Hateful and Toxic content has become a significant concern in today's world due to an exponential rise in social media. The increase in hate speech and harmful content motivated researchers to dedicate substantial efforts to the challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Suman Dowlagar , Radhika Mamidi

Today, the internet is an integral part of our daily lives, enabling people to be more connected than ever before. However, this greater connectivity and access to information increase exposure to harmful content such as cyber-bullying and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lanqin Yuan , Tianyu Wang , Gabriela Ferraro , Hanna Suominen , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Multiclass hate speech detection across demographic categories remains computationally challenging due to implicit targeting strategies and linguistic variability in social media content. Existing approaches rely solely on learned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mahmoud Abusaqer , Jamil Saquer

In this report, we present a study of eight corpora of online hate speech, by demonstrating the NLP techniques that we used to collect and analyze the jihadist, extremist, racist, and sexist content. Analysis of the multilingual corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Tom De Smedt , Sylvia Jaki , Eduan Kotzé , Leïla Saoud , Maja Gwóźdź , Guy De Pauw , Walter Daelemans

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

Implicit hate speech has recently emerged as a critical challenge for social media platforms. While much of the research has traditionally focused on harmful speech in general, the need for generalizable techniques to detect veiled and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Saad Almohaimeed , Saleh Almohaimeed , Damla Turgut , Ladislau Bölöni

With the growth of social media, the spread of hate speech is also increasing rapidly. Social media are widely used in many countries. Also Hate Speech is spreading in these countries. This brings a need for multilingual Hate Speech…

As a result of social network popularity, in recent years, hate speech phenomenon has significantly increased. Due to its harmful effect on minority groups as well as on large communities, there is a pressing need for hate speech detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Kristian Miok , Dong Nguyen-Doan , Blaž Škrlj , Daniela Zaharie , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Identifying misogyny using artificial intelligence is a form of combating online toxicity against women. However, the subjective nature of interpreting misogyny poses a significant challenge to model the phenomenon. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jason Angel , Segun Taofeek Aroyehun , Grigori Sidorov , Alexander Gelbukh

The proliferation of social media platforms has led to an increase in the spread of hate speech, particularly targeting vulnerable communities. Unfortunately, existing methods for automatically identifying and blocking toxic language rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shiza Ali , Jeremy Blackburn , Gianluca Stringhini

In this paper, we present a dataset containing 9,973 tweets related to the MeToo movement that were manually annotated for five different linguistic aspects: relevance, stance, hate speech, sarcasm, and dialogue acts. We present a detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Akash Gautam , Puneet Mathur , Rakesh Gosangi , Debanjan Mahata , Ramit Sawhney , Rajiv Ratn Shah

As research on hate speech becomes more and more relevant every day, most of it is still focused on hate speech detection. By attempting to replicate a hate speech detection experiment performed on an existing Twitter corpus annotated for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Filip Klubička , Raquel Fernández

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

Social media has a significant impact on people's lives. Hate speech on social media has emerged as one of society's most serious issues in recent years. Text and pictures are two forms of multimodal data that are distributed within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Anusha Chhabra , Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma

Studies on online hate speech have mostly focused on the automated detection of harmful messages. Little attention has been devoted so far to the development of effective strategies to fight hate speech, in particular through the creation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Yi-Ling Chung , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Sara Tonelli , Marco Guerini

Current research on hate speech analysis is typically oriented towards monolingual and single classification tasks. In this paper, we present a new multilingual hate speech analysis dataset for English, Hindi, Arabic, French, German and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ankit Yadav , Shubham Chandel , Sushant Chatufale , Anil Bandhakavi