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We present quantum circuits to implement an exhaustive key search for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and analyze the quantum resources required to carry out such an attack. We consider the overall circuit size, the number of qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-17 Markus Grassl , Brandon Langenberg , Martin Roetteler , Rainer Steinwandt

It is the prevailing belief that quantum error correcting techniques will be required to build a utility-scale quantum computer able to perform computations that are out of reach of classical computers. The QECCs that have been most…

We present an efficient algorithm for simulating open quantum systems dynamics described by the Lindblad master equation on quantum computers, addressing key challenges in the field. In contrast to existing approaches, our method achieves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Giovanni Di Bartolomeo , Michele Vischi , Tommaso Feri , Angelo Bassi , Sandro Donadi

We develop a method to synthesize a class of entangling multi-qubit gates for a quantum computing platform with fixed Ising-type interaction with all-to-all connectivity. The only requirement on the flexibility of the interaction is that it…

Suppose we want to implement a unitary $U$, for instance a circuit for some quantum algorithm. Suppose our actual implementation is a unitary $\tilde{U}$, which we can only apply as a black-box. In general it is an exponentially-hard task…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Noah Linden , Ronald de Wolf

Random quantum circuits continue to inspire a wide range of applications in quantum information science and many-body quantum physics, while remaining analytically tractable through probabilistic methods. Motivated by an interest in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Grace M. Sommers , David A. Huse , Michael J. Gullans

We propose a Clifford noise reduction (CliNR) scheme that provides a reduction of the logical error rate of Clifford circuit with lower overhead than error correction and without the exponential sampling overhead of error mitigation. CliNR…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Nicolas Delfosse , Edwin Tham

We construct a polynomial-time classical algorithm that samples from the output distribution of noisy geometrically local Clifford circuits with any product-state input and single-qubit measurements in any basis. Our results apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Jon Nelson , Joel Rajakumar , Dominik Hangleiter , Michael J. Gullans

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

We provide a simple framework for the synthesis of quantum circuits based on a numerical optimization algorithm. This algorithm is used in the context of the trapped-ions technology. We derive theoretical lower bounds for the number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Timothée Goubault de Brugière , Marc Baboulin , Benoît Valiron , Cyril Allouche

Clifford gates play a role in the optimisation of Clifford+T circuits. Reducing the count and the depth of Clifford gates, as well as the optimal scheduling of T gates, influence the hardware and the time costs of executing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

The area of sublinear algorithms have recently received a lot of attention. In this setting, one has to choose specific access model for the input, as the algorithm does not have time to pre-process or even to see the whole input. A…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Jakub Tětek

In fault-tolerant quantum computation and quantum error-correction one is interested on Pauli matrices that commute with a circuit/unitary. We provide a fast algorithm that decomposes any Clifford gate as a $\textit{minimal}$ product of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Tefjol Pllaha , Kalle Volanto , Olav Tirkkonen

We present an efficient algorithm for twirling a multi-qudit quantum state. The algorithm can be used for approximating the twirling operation in an ensemble of physical systems in which the systems cannot be individually accessed. It can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Geza Toth , Juan Jose Garcia-Ripoll

We propose an algebraic formulation for two distinct quantum algorithms: a quantum classification algorithm and a quantum search algorithm with a non-uniform initial distribution, both based on Clifford algebras and spinorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Lauro Mascarenhas , Vinicius N. A. Lula-Rocha , Marco A. S. Trindade

Given a universal gate set on two qubits, it is well known that applying random gates from the set to random pairs of qubits will eventually yield an approximately Haar-distributed unitary. However, this requires exponential time. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Aram W. Harrow , Richard A. Low

We try to minimize the number of qubits needed to factor an integer of n bits using Shor's algorithm on a quantum computer. We introduce a circuit which uses 2n+3 qubits and O(n^3 lg(n)) elementary quantum gates in a depth of O(n^3) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Stephane Beauregard

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Parallel computation enables multiple processors to execute different parts of a task simultaneously, improving processing speed and efficiency. In quantum computing, parallel gate implementation involves executing gates independently in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Boris Arseniev