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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) seeks to enhance task performance by training on both labeled and unlabeled data. Mainstream SSL image classification methods mostly optimize a loss that additively combines a supervised classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhe Huang , Xiaowei Yu , Dajiang Zhu , Michael C. Hughes

Using large training datasets enhances the generalization capabilities of neural networks. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is useful when there are few labeled data and a lot of unlabeled data. SSL methods that use data augmentation are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Himmet Toprak Kesgin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Pseudo-labeling is a crucial technique in semi-supervised learning (SSL), where artificial labels are generated for unlabeled data by a trained model, allowing for the simultaneous training of labeled and unlabeled data in a supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Joon-Sung Yang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) commonly exhibits confirmation bias, where models disproportionately favor certain classes, leading to errors in predicted pseudo labels that accumulate under a self-training paradigm. Unlike supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yu Wang , Yuxuan Yin , Peng Li

Supervised learning methods have been found to exhibit inductive biases favoring simpler features. When such features are spuriously correlated with the label, this can result in suboptimal performance on minority subgroups. Despite the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Kimia Hamidieh , Haoran Zhang , Swami Sankaranarayanan , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods aim to exploit the abundance of unlabelled data for machine learning (ML), however the underlying principles are often method-specific. An SSL framework derived from biological first principles of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Franz Scherr , Qinghai Guo , Timoleon Moraitis

Recently, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has shown much promise in leveraging unlabeled data while being provided with very few labels. In this paper, we show that ignoring the labels altogether for whole epochs intermittently during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Boaz Lerner , Guy Shiran , Daphna Weinshall

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated high performance in image classification tasks by effectively utilizing both labeled and unlabeled data. However, existing SSL methods often suffer from poor calibration, with models yielding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mehrab Mustafy Rahman , Jayanth Mohan , Tiberiu Sosea , Cornelia Caragea

As an effective way to alleviate the burden of data annotation, semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an attractive solution due to its ability to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data to build a predictive model. While significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Hai-Ming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Hao Chen , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Rafael Felix

Do we need active learning? The rise of strong deep semi-supervised methods raises doubt about the usability of active learning in limited labeled data settings. This is caused by results showing that combining semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sandra Gilhuber , Rasmus Hvingelby , Mang Ling Ada Fok , Thomas Seidl

While fully-supervised deep learning yields good models for urban scene semantic segmentation, these models struggle to generalize to new environments with different lighting or weather conditions for instance. In addition, producing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Antoine Saporta , Tuan-Hung Vu , Matthieu Cord , Patrick Pérez

Although supervised learning has been highly successful in improving the state-of-the-art in the domain of image-based computer vision in the past, the margin of improvement has diminished significantly in recent years, indicating that a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Utku Ozbulak , Hyun Jung Lee , Beril Boga , Esla Timothy Anzaku , Homin Park , Arnout Van Messem , Wesley De Neve , Joris Vankerschaver

In recent years, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has shown tremendous success in leveraging unlabeled data to improve the performance of deep learning models, which significantly reduces the demand for large amounts of labeled data. Many SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Song-Bo Yang , Tian-li Yu

Deep supervised learning algorithms typically require a large volume of labeled data to achieve satisfactory performance. However, the process of collecting and labeling such data can be expensive and time-consuming. Self-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jie Gui , Tuo Chen , Jing Zhang , Qiong Cao , Zhenan Sun , Hao Luo , Dacheng Tao

Pseudo-labeling has proven to be a promising semi-supervised learning (SSL) paradigm. Existing pseudo-labeling methods commonly assume that the class distributions of training data are balanced. However, such an assumption is far from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Renzhen Wang , Xixi Jia , Quanziang Wang , Yichen Wu , Deyu Meng

Conventional methods in semi-supervised learning (SSL) often face challenges related to limited data utilization, mainly due to their reliance on threshold-based techniques for selecting high-confidence unlabeled data during training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Wenjin Zhang , Keyi Li , Sen Yang , Chenyang Gao , Wanzhao Yang , Sifan Yuan , Ivan Marsic

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a powerful tool in machine learning, but understanding the learned representations and their underlying mechanisms remains a challenge. This paper presents an in-depth empirical analysis of SSL-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ido Ben-Shaul , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Tomer Galanti , Shai Dekel , Yann LeCun

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms struggle to perform well when exposed to imbalanced training data. In this scenario, the generated pseudo-labels can exhibit a bias towards the majority class, and models that employ these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Zeju Li , Ying-Qiu Zheng , Chen Chen , Saad Jbabdi

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers using both labelled and unlabelled data. It leverages information from labelled samples, whose acquisition is often costly or labour-intensive, together with unlabelled data to enhance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

The scarcity of labeled data is a critical obstacle to deep learning. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a promising way to leverage unlabeled data by pseudo labels. However, when the size of labeled data is very small (say a few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yi Xu , Jiandong Ding , Lu Zhang , Shuigeng Zhou