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We investigate the use of Android permissions as the vehicle to allow for quick and effective differentiation between benign and malware apps. To this end, we extract all Android permissions, eliminating those that have zero impact, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Muhammad Suleman Saleem , Jelena Mišić , Vojislav B. Mišić

In this research paper, our intent is to outline different types of malware, their means of operation, and how they are detected in order to protect yourself against such attacks. Varied permission, and limited technical resources mean that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Sebastian Grochola , Andrew Milliner

Despite the wide use of explainability techniques to attempt to understand the behavior of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the generated explanations may not always be reliable. An explanation can appear plausible to humans but fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tomás Pereira , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Malwares are continuously growing in sophistication and numbers. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been achieved in anti-malware mechanisms. However, several pressing issues (e.g., unknown malware samples detection) still need…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Zahid Akhtar

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks and will even explain their reasoning, so-called self-explanations. However, convincing and wrong self-explanations can lead to unsupported confidence in LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Andreas Madsen , Sarath Chandar , Siva Reddy

Android malware has been on the rise in recent years due to the increasing popularity of Android and the proliferation of third party application markets. Emerging Android malware families are increasingly adopting sophisticated detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-06 BooJoong Kang , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer , Kieran McLaughlin

As mobile and smart connectivity continue to grow, malware presents a permanently evolving threat to different types of critical domains such as health, logistics, banking, and community segments. Different types of malware have dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Ahmed Sabbah , Mohammed Kharma , Mustafa Jarrar

Increasing interest in securing the Android ecosystem has spawned numerous efforts to assist app developers in building secure apps. These efforts have resulted in tools and techniques capable of detecting vulnerabilities (and malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Venkatesh-Prasad Ranganath , Joydeep Mitra

Memory forensics is an effective methodology for analyzing living-off-the-land malware, including threats that employ evasion, obfuscation, anti-analysis, and steganographic techniques. By capturing volatile system state, memory analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Silvia Lucia Sanna , Davide Maiorca , Giorgio Giacinto

Decisions by Machine Learning (ML) models have become ubiquitous. Trusting these decisions requires understanding how algorithms take them. Hence interpretability methods for ML are an active focus of research. A central problem in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Philipp Schmidt , Felix Biessmann

Machine learning models in safety-critical settings like healthcare are often blackboxes: they contain a large number of parameters which are not transparent to users. Post-hoc explainability methods where a simple, human-interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Aparna Balagopalan , Haoran Zhang , Kimia Hamidieh , Thomas Hartvigsen , Frank Rudzicz , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Is Android malware classification a solved problem? Published F1 scores of up to 0.99 appear to leave very little room for improvement. In this paper, we argue that results are commonly inflated due to two pervasive sources of experimental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Feargus Pendlebury , Fabio Pierazzi , Roberto Jordaney , Johannes Kinder , Lorenzo Cavallaro

Current malware (malicious software) analysis tools focus on detection and family classification but fail to provide clear and actionable narrative insights into the malignant activity of the malware. Therefore, there is a need for a tool…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Bikash Saha , Nanda Rani , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Explainability is widely regarded as essential for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems. However, the metrics commonly used to evaluate counterfactual explanations are algorithmic evaluation metrics that are rarely validated against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Liedeker , Basil Ell , Philipp Cimiano , Christoph Düsing

There is growing interest in explainable recommender systems that provide recommendations along with explanations for the reasoning behind them. When evaluating recommender systems, most studies focus on overall recommendation performance.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yeonbin Son , Matthew L. Bolton

Accurate detection of third-party libraries (TPLs) is fundamental to Android security, supporting vulnerability tracking, malware detection, and supply chain auditing. Despite many proposed tools, their real-world effectiveness remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jintao Gu , Haolang Lu , Guoshun Nan , Yihan Lin , Kun Wang , Yuchun Guo , Yigui Cao , Yang Liu

Human values such as honesty, social responsibility, fairness, privacy, and the like are things considered important by individuals and society. Software systems, including mobile software applications (apps), may ignore or violate such…

As technology advances, Android malware continues to pose significant threats to devices and sensitive data. The open-source nature of the Android OS and the availability of its SDK contribute to this rapid growth. Traditional malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Saleh J. Makkawy , Michael J. De Lucia , Kenneth E. Barner

In today's world, we are performing our maximum work through the Internet, i.e., online payment, data transfer, etc., per day. More than thousands of users are connecting. So, it's essential to provide security to the user. It is necessary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-01 Amjani Gupta , Karan Singh

Current Explainable AI (ExAI) methods, especially in the NLP field, are conducted on various datasets by employing different metrics to evaluate several aspects. The lack of a common evaluation framework is hindering the progress tracking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Julia El Zini , Mohamad Mansour , Basel Mousi , Mariette Awad