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One principal impediment in the successful deployment of AI-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems in clinical workflows is their lack of transparent decision making. Although commonly used eXplainable AI methods provide some insight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Adriano Lucieri , Muhammad Naseer Bajwa , Stephan Alexander Braun , Muhammad Imran Malik , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

The application of Artificial Intelligence in the medical market brings up increasing concerns but aids in more timely diagnosis of silent progressing diseases like Diabetic Retinopathy. In order to diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy (DR),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-18 Sharan Subramanian , Leilani H. Gilpin

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and deadliest skin cancers, leading to mortality if not detected and treated in the early stages. Artificial intelligence techniques have recently been developed to help dermatologists in the early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Wadduwage Shanika Perera , ABM Islam , Van Vung Pham , Min Kyung An

The continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) theory has propelled this field to unprecedented heights, owing to the relentless efforts of scholars and researchers. In the medical realm, AI takes a pivotal role, leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Qiyang Sun , Alican Akman , Björn W. Schuller

Deep neural network models have been proven to be very successful in image classification tasks, also for medical diagnosis, but their main concern is its lack of interpretability. They use to work as intuition machines with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Jordi de la Torre , Aida Valls , Domenec Puig

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

Existing artificial intelligence (AI) models for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis (OA) have faced criticism for their lack of transparency and interpretability, despite achieving medical-expert-like performance. This opacity makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yun Xin Teoh , Alice Othmani , Siew Li Goh , Juliana Usman , Khin Wee Lai

The diabetic retinopathy is timely diagonalized through color eye fundus images by experienced ophthalmologists, in order to recognize potential retinal features and identify early-blindness cases. In this paper, it is proposed to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Ibrahim Sadek , Mohamed Elawady , Abd El Rahman Shabayek

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly important in biomedical image analysis to promote transparency, trust, and clinical adoption of DL models. While several surveys have reviewed XAI techniques, they often lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Getamesay Haile Dagnaw , Yanming Zhu , Muhammad Hassan Maqsood , Wencheng Yang , Xingshuai Dong , Xuefei Yin , Alan Wee-Chung Liew

The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has raised concerns about the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven medical diagnosis systems. Many existing models operate as black boxes, limiting clinicians' ability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Altynbek Seitenov , Ainur Nurzhanova , Azhar Bekbussinova , Yerassyl Bolatkan

This study explores the integration of multiple Explainable AI (XAI) techniques to enhance the interpretability of deep learning models for brain tumour detection. A custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was developed and trained on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Patrick McGonagle , William Farrelly , Kevin Curran

Artificial intelligence has become pervasive across disciplines and fields, and biomedical image and signal processing is no exception. The growing and widespread interest on the topic has triggered a vast research activity that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Guang Yang , Arvind Rao , Christine Fernandez-Maloigne , Vince Calhoun , Gloria Menegaz

A longstanding challenge surrounding deep learning algorithms is unpacking and understanding how they make their decisions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers methods to provide explanations of internal functions of algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Brandon Foreman , Chandan K. Reddy , Vignesh Subbian

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field inspects the measures and models involved in decision-making and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Guang Yang , Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show impressive performance for image classification and detection, extending heavily to the medical image domain. Nevertheless, medical experts are sceptical in these predictions as the nonlinear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Waleed M. Gondal , Jan M. Köhler , René Grzeszick , Gernot A. Fink , Michael Hirsch

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia , Guang Yang

The ability to explain the prediction of deep learning models to end-users is an important feature to leverage the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for the medical decision-making process, which is usually considered non-transparent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Van Binh Truong , Vo Thanh Khang Nguyen , Quoc Hung Cao , Quoc Khanh Nguyen

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine is remarkable, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. However, the inherent opacity of complex AI models presents significant challenges to their clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Binbin Wen , Yihang Wu , Tareef Daqqaq , Ahmad Chaddad

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have substantially improved dermatologists' diagnostic accuracy for melanoma, with explainable AI (XAI) systems further enhancing clinicians' confidence and trust in AI-driven decisions. Despite these…