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Behavior Trees (BTs) provide designers an intuitive graphical interface to construct long-horizon plans for autonomous systems. To ensure their correctness and safety, rigorous formal models and verification techniques are essential.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ryan Matheu , John S. Baras , Calin Belta

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a widely used task specification language for autonomous systems. To mitigate the significant manual effort and expertise required to define LTL-encoded tasks, several methods have been proposed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 David Smith Sundarsingh , Jun Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Yiannis Kantaros

This paper introduces time window temporal logic (TWTL), a rich expressivity language for describing various time bounded specifications. In particular, the syntax and semantics of TWTL enable the compact representation of serial tasks,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Derya Aksaray , Calin Belta

Recently, reinforcement learning has been used to address logic synthesis by formulating the operator sequence optimization problem as a Markov decision process. However, through extensive experiments, we find out that the learned policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Chao Wang , Chen Chen , Dong Li , Bin Wang

In this paper, we present a method for optimal control synthesis of a plant that interacts with a set of agents in a graph-like environment. The control specification is given as a temporal logic statement about some properties that hold at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Alphan Ulusoy , Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn , Calin Belta

In reactive synthesis, the goal is to automatically generate an implementation from a specification of the reactive and non-terminating input/output behaviours of a system. Specifications are usually modelled as logical formulae or automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Léo Exibard , Emmanuel Filiot , Pierre-Alain Reynier

In this paper, we present an optimization based method for path planning of a mobile robot subject to time bounded temporal constraints, in a dynamic environment. Temporal logic (TL) can address very complex task specification such as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-04-29 Yuchen Zhou , Dipankar Maity , John S. Baras

We present a mathematical programming-based method for model predictive control of cyber-physical systems subject to signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. We describe the use of STL to specify a wide range of properties of these…

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a powerful language for task specification in reinforcement learning, as it allows describing objectives beyond the expressivity of conventional discounted return formulations. Nonetheless, recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Marco Bagatella , Andreas Krause , Georg Martius

Reactive synthesis is a class of methods to construct a provably-correct control system, referred to as a robot, with respect to a temporal logic specification in the presence of a dynamic and uncontrollable environment. This is achieved by…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Abhishek N. Kulkarni , Jie Fu

Recently, interest has increased in applying reactive synthesis to richer-than-Boolean domains. A major (undecidable) challenge in this area is to establish when certain repeating behaviour terminates in a desired state when the number of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shaun Azzopardi , Luca Di Stefano , Nir Piterman , Gerardo Schneider

In this paper, a method for learning a recurrent neural network (RNN) controller that maximizes the robustness of signal temporal logic (STL) specifications is presented. In contrast to previous methods, we consider synthesizing the RNN…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-20 Wataru Hashimoto , Kazumune Hashimoto , Shigemasa Takai

This paper introduces a novel technique to decide the satisfiability of formulae written in the language of Linear Temporal Logic with Both future and past operators and atomic formulae belonging to constraint system D (CLTLB(D) for short).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Marcello M. Bersani , Achille Frigeri , Angelo Morzenti , Matteo Pradella , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

In the classical synthesis problem, we are given an LTL formula psi over sets of input and output signals, and we synthesize a transducer that realizes psi. One weakness of automated synthesis in practice is that it pays no attention to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Shaull Almagor , Orna Kupferman

We consider abstraction-based design of output-feedback controllers for non-linear dynamical systems against specifications over state-based predicates in linear-time temporal logic (LTL). In this context, our contribution is two-fold: (I)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Anne-Kathrin Schmuck , Mehrdad Zareian

We consider a problem on the synthesis of reactive controllers that optimize some a priori unknown performance criterion while interacting with an uncontrolled environment such that the system satisfies a given temporal logic specification.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-09 Min Wen , Ruediger Ehlers , Ufuk Topcu

Most control synthesis methods under temporal logic properties require a model of the system, however, identifying such a model can be a challenging task. In this work, we develop a direct data-driven control synthesis method for temporal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-05 Birgit C. van Huijgevoort , Chris Verhoek , Roland Tóth , Sofie Haesaert

We present a deep learning approach for repairing sequential circuits against formal specifications given in linear-time temporal logic (LTL). Given a defective circuit and its formal specification, we train Transformer models to output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Matthias Cosler , Frederik Schmitt , Christopher Hahn , Bernd Finkbeiner

Temporal logic based synthesis approaches are often used to find trajectories that are correct-by-construction for tasks in systems with complex behavior. Some examples of such tasks include synchronization for multi-agent hybrid systems,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Sumanth Dathathri , Richard M. Murray

We generalize the system level synthesis framework to systems defined by bounded causal linear operators, and use this parameterization to make connections between robust system level synthesis and classical results from the robust control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Nikolai Matni , Anish A. Sarma