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The Standard Model of cosmology, $\Lambda$CDM, while enormously successful, is currently unable to account for several cosmological anomalies the most prominent of which are in the measurements of the Hubble parameter and $S_8$.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-14 Amin Aboubrahim , Pran Nath

The Hubble parameter is a critical measurement in cosmology, which contains the most direct information of the cosmic expansion history. Since discrepancy is found between low redshift and high redshift estimations of Hubble constant, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-02 Jiaxin Wang , Xinhe Meng

We study how the determination of the Hubble constant from cosmological distance measures is affected by models of dark energy and vice versa. For this purpose, constraints on the Hubble constant and dark energy are investigated using the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Kazuhide Ichikawa , Tomo Takahashi

The acceleration of the cosmic expansion is a fundamental challenge to standard models of particle physics and cosmology. The new physics of dark energy may lie in the nature of gravity, the quantum vacuum, or extra dimensions. I give a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-17 Eric V. Linder

This is a review and statistical analysis of the evidence supporting the existence of a cosmological constant in the early 1990s, before its discovery made with distant supernovae in 1998. The earlier evidence was derived from newly precise…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-18 Geoffrey W. Marcy

A novel idea is proposed for a natural solution of the dark energy and its cosmic coincidence problem. The existence of local antigravity sources, associated with astrophysical matter configurations distributed throughout the universe, can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-04 Georgios Kofinas , Vasilios Zarikas

Currently, the standard cosmological model faces some tensions and discrepancies between observations at early and late cosmological time. One of them concerns the well-known $H_0$-tension problem, i.e., a $\sim4.4\sigma$-difference between…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-13 Jailson Alcaniz , Nicolás Bernal , Antonio Masiero , Farinaldo S. Queiroz

While $\Lambda$CDM provides a good fit to cosmological data, it fails to address many of the outstanding questions in contemporary cosmology. Chief among these are the Hubble tension and the apparent dynamical nature of dark energy as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Amin Aboubrahim , Pran Nath

The consideration of dark energy's quanta, required also by thermodynamics, introduces its chemical potential into the cosmological equations. Isolating its main contribution, we obtain solutions with dark energy decaying to matter or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Besprosvany

The values of Hubble constant H0 by direct measurements with standard distance ladder are typically larger than those obtained from the observation of cosmic microwave background and the galaxy survey with inverse distance ladder. On the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-26 Noriaki Kitazawa

Nearly seventy per cent of the energy density in the universe is unclustered and exerts negative pressure. This conclusion -- now supported by numerous observations -- poses the greatest challenge for theoretical physics today. I discuss…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-09 T. Padmanabhan

The cosmological constant, which was introduced by Einstein a century ago to allow for a static universe, experienced a revival two decades ago under the label dark energy as a parameter to model the observed accelerated expansion of the…

General Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Jan O. Stenflo

In the cosmological context an effective quantum field theory describing the behavior of visible matter in the universe is characterized with its inherent UV cutoff and also with an IR scale that is set by the cosmological (particle)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael Maziashvili

In this paper, it is shown that the cosmological model that was introduced in a sequence of three earlier papers under the title, A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem, can be used to resolve the problem of the great mismatch…

General Physics · Physics 2010-07-21 James G. Gilson

Dark energy in the universe is assumed to be vacuum energy. The energy-momentum of vacuum is described by a scale-dependent cosmological constant. The equations of motion imply for the density of matter (dust) the sum of the usual matter…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-09 Walter Petry

We argue that discreteness at the Planck scale (naturally expected to arise from quantum gravity) might manifest in the form of minute violations of energy-momentum conservation of the matter degrees of freedom when described in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-12 Alejandro Perez , Daniel Sudarsky

Astronomical observations indicate an accelerated cosmic expansion, the cause of which is explained by the action of `dark energy'. Here we show that in discrete expanding space-time, only a tiny fraction of the vacuum fluctuations can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-21 Bruno M. Deiss

We formulate Horava-Lifshitz cosmology with an additional scalar field that leads to an effective dark energy sector. We find that, due to the inherited features from the gravitational background, Horava-Lifshitz dark energy naturally…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-05 Emmanuel N. Saridakis

Vacuum fluctuations and the Casimir effect are considered in a cosmological setting. It is suggested that the dark energy, which recent observations suggest make up 73% of our universe, is vacuum energy due to a causal boundary effect at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel O. Mazur , Emil Mottola

The presence of dark energy in the Universe is inferred directly and indirectly from a large body of observational evidence. The simplest and most theoretically appealing possibility is the vacuum energy density (cosmological constant).…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. S. Alcaniz